Inhibition of neurite growth, which is mediated by the Nogo-66 receptor (NgR), affects nerve regeneration following neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation. The present study utilized RNA interference to silence NgR gene expression in NSCs, which were subsequently transplanted into rats with traumatic brain injury. Following transplantation of NSCs transfected with small interfering RNA,typical neural cell-like morphology was detected in injured brain tissues, and was accompanied by absence of brain tissue cavity, increased growth-associated protein 43 mRNA and protein expression,and improved neurological function compared with NSC transplantation alone. Results demonstrated that NSC transplantation with silenced NgR gene promoted functional recovery following brain injury.
作者： 刊期： 2011年第10期
The effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC) transplantation for the repair of traumatic brain injury remain poorly understood. The present study observed neurological functional changes in a rat model of traumatic brain injury following ADMSC transplantation via the tail vein.Cell transplants were observed in injured cerebral cortex, and expression of brain-derived nerve growth factor was significantly increased in the injured hippocampus following transplantation. Results demonstrated that transvenous ADMSC transplants migrated to the injured cerebral cortex and significantly improved cognitive function.
作者： 刊期： 2011年第10期
Acellular peripheral allograft scaffolds can be fabricated using chemical extraction techniques, but methods for producing acellular scaffold derived from spinal cord tissue are not currently available.The present study demonstrated that chemical extraction using Triton X-100 and sodium deoxycholate could be used to completely remove the cells, axons and neural sheaths in spinal cord extracellular matrix-derived scaffolds. The matrix fibers were longitudinally arranged in a wave-like formation, and were connected by fiber junctions. Lattice-shaped fiber cages appeared and developed into bone trabecula-like changes. The natural structure of matrix fibers in the scaffolds was maintained; this helps to guide the differentiation and migration of implanted stem cells. Decellularized spinal cord extracellular matrix-derived scaffolds can provide an ideal substance for fabricating tissue-engineered spinal cord.
作者： 刊期： 2011年第10期
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) delayed-release microspheres, which were prepared using glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), on the delayed-release, controllability, and protection of GDNF activity. The present study is the first to combine chondroitinase ABC, GDNF, and Nogo A antibody delayed-release microspheres for the treatment of spinal cord injury. Results show that the combined therapy of chondroitinase ABC,GDNF, and Nogo A antibody microspheres can increase the immunoreaction of neurofilament 200in the injured spinal cord, and this therapeutic effect was better than chondroitinase ABC, GDNF, or Nogo A antibody microspheres administered singularly.
作者： 刊期： 2011年第10期
Calcium alginate gel (CAG) has been shown to successfully model aneurysm embolization within a short period of time. However, gradually degrading CAG potentially results in aneurysm recanalization.In the present study, a regenerative embolic material was designed by seeding rat fibroblasts in a CAG. The study investigated the feasibility of constructing a 3-dimensional culture system. The fibroblasts grew well and firmly attached to the CAG. CAG was conducive for fibroblast growth, and resulted in a 3-dimensional culture system. Results show that CAG can be used theoretically as a vascular, regenerative, embolic material.
作者： 刊期： 2011年第10期
Semaphorin 3A expression is thought to increase following spinal cord injury. The impact of olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation remains unclear. The current study demonstrated that spinal cord hemorrhage, edema, degeneration, necrosis, cyst formation, proliferation of glial cells, regeneration of nerve fibers and various pathological reactions occurred following a simple cross-section of spinal cord injury. Transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells was found to significantly relieve the pathological reactions in the spinal cord described above, decrease the extent of necrosis in damaged neurons and nerve fibers, and downregulate semaphorin 3A expression in the injured zone. The results confirmed that olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation plays a protective role on the injured spinal cord by reducing the expression of semaphorin 3A.
作者： 刊期： 2011年第10期
β-mercaptoethanol can induce adipose-derived stromal cells to rapidly and efficiently differentiate into neurons in vitro. However, because of the short survival time of the differentiated cells, clinical applications for this technique are limited. As such, we examined apoptosis of neurons differentiated from adipose-derived stromal cells induced with β-mercaptoethanol in vitro using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling and transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that the number of surviving cells decreased and apoptosis rate increased as induction time extended. Taken together, these results suggest that apoptosis occurring in the process of adipose-derived stromal cells differentiating into neurons is the main cause of cell death. However, the mechanism underlying cellular apoptosis should be researched further to develop methods of controlling apoptosis for clinical applications.
作者： 刊期： 2011年第10期
The quantity and survival time of astrocytes, which were differentiated from adult adipose-derived stromal cells after exposure to an inducer containing 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, have thus far been unsatisfactory. The present study investigated the growth and differentiation characteristics of induced astrocytes by observing their growth curves. After induction for 48 hours with an inducer containing 0.5% ethanol, some adult adult adipose-derived stromal cells displayed typical astrocytic morphology. The cell quantity gradually decreased with prolonged induction time. Nestin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and S-100 expression reached peak levels at 14 days, but neuron-specific enolase was not expressed. These results suggest that the induced astrocytes reached their peak at 14 days. Further optimization of the culture environment may yield mature astrocytes with normal functions, in greater quantity, and prolonged survival time.
作者： 刊期： 2011年第10期
Survival and differentiation of transplanted cells is closely related to the local microenvironment.The present study cultured human amniotic epithelial cells (HAECs) in a simulated microenvironment in vitro comprising RPMI 1640 culture medium and the solution extracted from injured brain tissues. Some HAECs were round, triangular in form or irregularly shaped, with extended neuronlike processes; some of the processes were interconnected, representing neuron-like morphologyand some HAECs were microtubule-associated protein 2-positive. HAECs survived for at least 4 weeks following transplantation into the center and edges of the trauma focus with traumatic brain injury, and were microtubule-associated protein 2-positive. Moreover, the motor function of rat hind limbs was significantly improved.
作者： 刊期： 2011年第10期
Diffusion tensor imaging was performed in 105 volunteers free of central nervous system lesions.No differences were found in fractional anisotropy between the left and right cerebral peduncles among subjects (P > 0.05). The lower limit value of fractional anisotropy was 0.36, and the asymmetry ratio was 0.77. The area and lower limit value of the cerebral peduncles were 0.90 cm2and 0.83, respectively. These results will be useful in evaluating the diagnosis of Wallerian degeneration following cerebral infarction.
作者： 刊期： 2011年第10期
Fragile X-related protein 1 (FXR1P) is a member of the FXR gene family, which also includes fragile X mental retardation protein and fragile X-related protein 2 (FXR2P). To understand the functions of FXR1P, we screened FXR1P-interacting proteins using a yeast two-hybrid system. FXR1P was fused to pGBKT7 and used as the bait to screen a human fetal brain cDNA library. This screening revealed 10 FXR1P-interacting proteins including FTH1. FTH1 encodes Homo sapiens ferritin,heavy polypeptide 1. The interaction between FXR1P and FTH1 was confirmed by retesting in yeast using both a β-galactosidase assay and growth studies on selective media. A co-immunoprecipitation assay in mammalian cells further confirmed the FXR1P/FTH1 interaction.Moreover, the results revealed that FTH1 colocalized with FXR1P in the cytoplasm around the nucleus in mammalian cells. The present findings suggest that FXR1P plays an important role in iron metabolism in the brain by interacting with FTH1. This provides clues for elucidating the relationship between FXR1P function and fragile X syndrome.
作者： 刊期： 2011年第10期
Due to their relative abundance, stable biological properties and excellent reproductive activity,umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells have previously been utilized for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which is a muscular atrophy disease. Three patients who were clinically and pathologically diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy were transplanted with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells by intravenous infusion, in combination with multi-point intramuscular injection. They were followed up for 12 months after cell transplantation. Results showed that clinical symptoms significantly improved, daily living activity and muscle strength were enhanced,the sero-enzyme, electromyogram, and MRI scans showed improvement, and dystrophin was expressed in the muscle cell membrane. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of a muscle biopsy revealed that muscle fibers were well arranged, fibrous degeneration was alleviated, and fat infiltration was improved. These pieces of evidence suggest that umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can be considered as a new regimen for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
作者： 刊期： 2011年第10期
Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is an acute cerebrovascular incident, and is generally considered the best opportunity for early neuroprotective treatment against cerebral ischemia. This study retrospectively analyzed 80 patients with TIA (38 males and 42 females). Among 61 patients who received neuroprotective cerebrolysin treatment within 24 hours after TIA onset, 13 (21.31%)patients suffered subsequent strokes. Among 19 patients who received neuroprotective
作者： 刊期： 2011年第10期
