中国神经再生研究（英文版）杂志

作者： 刊期： 2014年第13期

It is not clear whether the method used in functional brain-network related research can be applied to explore the feature binding mechanism of visual perception. In this study, we inves-tigated feature binding of color and shape in visual perception. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 38 healthy volunteers at rest and while performing a visual perception task to construct brain networks active during resting and task states. Results showed that brain regions involved in visual information processing were obviously activated during the task. The components were partitioned using a greedy algorithm, indicating the visual network existed during the resting state.Z-values in the vision-related brain regions were calculated, conifrming the dynamic balance of the brain network. Connectivity between brain regions was determined, and the result showed that occipital and lingual gyri were stable brain regions in the visual system network, the parietal lobe played a very important role in the binding process of color features and shape features, and the fusiform and inferior temporal gyri were crucial for processing color and shape information. Experimental ifndings indicate that understanding visual feature binding and cognitive processes will help establish computational models of vision, improve image recognition technology, and provide a new theoretical mechanism for feature binding in visual perception.

作者： 刊期： 2015年第02期

作者： 刊期： 2014年第22期

Artiifcial guidance channels containing Schwann cells can promote the regeneration of injured peripheral nerve over long distances. However, primary Schwann cells are not suitable for autotransplantation. Under speciifc conditions, skin-derived progenitors can be induced to dif-ferentiate into Schwann cells. Therefore, adult rat dorsal skin (dermis)-derived progenitors were isolated and induced to differentiate with DMEM/F12 containing B27, neuregulin 1, and for-skolin. Immunolfuorescence staining and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) conifrmed that the resultant cells were indeed Schwann cells. Artiifcial guidance channels containing skin-derived progenitors, Schwann cells originating from skin-derived progenitors, or primary Schwann cells were used to bridge 5 mm sciatic nerve defects. Schwann cells originating from skin-derived progenitors signiifcantly promoted sciatic nerve axonal regeneration. The sig-niifcant recovery of injured rat sciatic nerve function after the transplantation of Schwann cells originating from skin-derived progenitors was conifrmed by electromyogram. The therapeutic effect of Schwann cells originating from skin-derived progenitors was better than that of skin-de-rived progenitors. These findings indicate that Schwann cells originating from skin-derived precursors can promote peripheral nerve regeneration in rats.

作者： 刊期： 2014年第18期

Yizhijiannao granules have been shown to improve cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease patients. The present study sought to explore the mechanisms involved in the cognitive enhanc-ing effects ofYizhijiannao granule. Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 mice with learning and memory disorders were intragastrically treated withYizhijiannao granule for 8 weeks. Mice intragastrically treated with double distilled water for 8 weeks were considered as the control group. 2D gel electrophoresis was used to isolate total protein from the temporal lobe of senes-cence-accelerated mouse prone 8 mice, and differential protein spots were obtained by mass spectrometry. Thirty-seven differential protein spots were found in the temporal lobe area of both groups. Ten protein spots were identiifed: high mobility group box 1, dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1, neuroglobin, hemoglobin beta adult major chain, peroxiredoxin-6, coiflin-1, lfotillin 1, peptidylprolyl isomerase A, voltage-dependent anion channel-2 and chap-eronin containing TCP1, and subunit 2. Among other functions, these proteins are separately involved in the regulation of amyloid beta production, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, regulation of tau phosphorylation, and regulation of neuronal apoptosis. Our results revealed thatYizhijiannao granule can regulate the expression of various proteins in the temporal lobe of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 mice, and may be therapeutically beneifcial for the treat-ment of Alzheimer’s disease.

作者： 刊期： 2014年第13期

A correlation between metabolic alterations of neuroactive steroids and Alzheimer’s disease remains unknown. In the present study, amyloid beta (Aβ) 25-35 (Aβ25-35) injected into the bilateral campus CA1 region significantly reduced learning and memory. At the biochemical level, hippocampal levels of pregnenolone were significantly reduced with Aβ25-35 treatment. Furthermore, progesterone was considerably decreased in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and 17β-estradiol was signifi-cantly elevated. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that Aβ25-35, a main etiological factor of Alzheimer’s disease, can alter the level and metabolism of neuroactive steroids in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, which are brain regions significantly involved in learning and memory. Aβ25-35 exposure also increased the expression of inflammatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin-1β. However, subcutaneous injection of progesterone reversed the upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin-1βin a dose-dependent manner. Concomitant with improved cognitive abilities, progesterone blocked Aβ-mediated inflammation and increased the survival rate of hippocampal pyramidal cells. We thus hypothesize that Aβ-mediated cognitive deficits may occur via changes in neuroactive steroids. Moreover, our findings provide a possible therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s disease via neuroactive steroids, particularly progesterone.

作者： 刊期： 2013年第30期

作者： 刊期： 2014年第07期

Percutaneous microballoon compression of the trigeminal ganglion is a brand new operative technique for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. However, it is unclear how the procedure mediates pain relief, and there are no standardized criteria, such as compression pressure, com-pression time or balloon shape, for the procedure. In this study, percutaneous microballoon compression was performed on the rabbit trigeminal ganglion at a mean inlfation pressure of 1,005 ± 150 mmHg for 2 or 5 minutes. At 1, 7 and 14 days after percutaneous microballoon compression, the large-diameter myelinated nerves displayed axonal swelling, rupture and demy-elination under the electron microscope. Fragmentation of myelin and formation of digestion chambers were more evident after 5 minutes of compression. Image analyzer results showed that the diameter of trigeminal ganglion cells remained unaltered after compression. These experi-mental ifndings indicate that a 2-minute period of compression can suppress pain transduction. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the ganglion cells and axons was signiifcantly increased 7 days after trigeminal ganglion compression, however, the changes were similar after 2-minute compression and 5-minute compression. The upregulated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the ganglion cells after percu-taneous microballoon compression can promote the repair of the injured nerve. These ifndings suggest that long-term compression is ideal for patients with recurrent trigeminal neuralgia.

作者： 刊期： 2014年第02期

Necroptosis is characterized by programmed necrotic cell death and autophagic activation and might be involved in the death process of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease. We hypothesized that necrostatin-1 could block necroptosis and give protection to dopaminergic neurons. There is likely to be crosstalk between necroptosis and other cell death pathways, such as apoptosis and autophagy. PC12 cells were pretreated with necroststin-1 1 hour before expo-sure to 6-hydroxydopamine. We examined cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and expression patterns of apoptotic and necroptotic death signaling proteins. The results showed that the autophagy/lysosomal pathway is involved in the 6-hydroxydopamine-induced death pro-cess of PC12 cells. Mitochondrial disability induced overactive autophagy, increased cathepsin B expression, and diminished Bcl-2 expression. Necrostatin-1 within a certain concentration range (5–30 μM) elevated the viability of PC12 cells, stabilized mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibited excessive autophagy, reduced the expression of LC3-II and cathepsin B, and increased Bcl-2 expression. These findings suggest that necrostatin-1 exerted a protective effect against injury on dopaminergic neurons. Necrostatin-1 interacts with the apoptosis signaling pathway during this process. This pathway could be a new neuroprotective and therapeutic target in Par-kinson’s disease.

作者： 刊期： 2015年第07期

作者： 刊期： 2015年第07期