AIM To investigate DNA methylation status in gastric cancer and its relationship with folate metabolism.METHODS Serum before operation, the gastric mucosa from the lesion, and the surrounding area inpatients with gastric cancer and the remote normal-appearing mucosa of the resected stomach were collectedrespectively. The serum folate, mucosal tissue folate, S-adenosylmethionine ( SAM ), S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), and the DNA methylation levels were determined.RESULTS The tissue folate was significantly lower than that in ulcers, especially in the surrounding andnormal mucosa (0.38±0.13, 0.50±0.17 vs 0.53±0.50, 0.79±0.82ng/mg protein, P < 0.01), and itdecreased gradually in the lesion areas. The DNA methylation status showed similar decreasing trend incancers compared with the methylation increasing trend in ulcers. The SAM level ascended in the lesion areaswith a higher. concentration in cancer mueosa (63.5±43.0 vs 25.9±11.9nmol/g tissue, P < 0.01 ). Theaccumulation of SAH in the surrounding and normal mucosa of cancers was observed (17.3±24.6, 15.5±8.6vs 14.6±4.2, 10.0±1.9nmol/g tissue, P < 0.05 - 0.01). There were significantly negative correlationsbetween tissue folate and the SAM and SAH levels in the three areas.CONCLUSION Patients with gastric cancer have the regional folate deficiency in the stomach mucosa,although the serum folate level remains normal. This disturbs the local SAM and SAH metabolism withaccumulation of SAH and DNA hypomethylation which has been known as an important molecularmechanism for carcinogenesis. Folic acid can modulate DNA methylation status by its effect in one-carbongroup metabolism and thus affect the process of the carcinogenesis. Therefore, this may be an access for theprevention of gastric cancer.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To study the change of trace elements in the hair of patients with esophageal carcinoma and the role oftrace elements in its development and progress.METHODS The hair of 60 normal people and 126 patients was collected and was divided into groupsaccording to the patients' pathologic changes. The atomic absorption method and fluorescence method wereused to measure the trace elements of copper, zinc, iron, calcium and selenium.RESULTS Zinc in the hair of various patients: a remarkable difference was found between normal people(182mg· kg 1)and the patients (103- 81.6mg·kg 1) (t = 3.79, P<0.01 Duncan' new multiple rangemethod). There was a certain difference between simple hyperplasia and cancer (t = 3.21, P<0.01 ). As forcopper, a great difference existed between normal people (12.01mg· kg-l) and patients with dysphagia (15.16mg·kg-1) and cancer (17.02-17.15mg·kg-1) (t=2.43, P<0.05). No change of zinc and copperwas observed in cancer patients (t = 1.61, P >0.05). The ratio of zinc to copper increased with thedevelopment of pathologic change. The selenium levels in patients (0.46-0.67mg·kg-1) was below that ofnormal people (l.03mg·kg-1), while iron and calcium levels in the patients decreased with the developmentof pathologic process.CONCLUSION Both zinc and copper play an important role in the pathologic change of esophagealcarcinoma. Zinc and copper in the hair changed with development of the pathologic process. Zinc revealedpositive correlation ( r = -0. 889, P < 0.01 while copper showed negative correlation ( r = 0.921, P < 0.01 ).The ratio of copper to zinc in the hair is of great diagnostic value.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To explore the therapeutic potential of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides on hepatcellular cacinoma(HCC).METHODS Four antisense phosphorothioated oligodeoxynucleotides (asON), complementary to differentsites of HBV, were synthesized and assayed for their anti-HBV activity in HepG22. 2.15 cells with ELISA.The most effective asON was chosen for the following study: FACSCAN, TRAP and immuno-staining wereused respectively for checking apoptosis, telomerase activity and expression of oncogene p21ras and p62C-myc inHepG2.2.15 cells after treated by asON.RESULTS The oligomer directed against the initiator of pre-S2 was the most effective one with aninhibitory rate of 66% on HBsAg and 91% on HBeAg (P<0.02). Two inhibitory peaks (bimodal)appeared. Telomerase activity as well as the expression of p21fas and p62C-myc decreased drastically 3 days afterasON-HBpreS2 treatment. Meanwhile, apoptosis appeared in the experiments.CONCLUSION The inhibitory effects of as-preS2 on the HBV gene expression and the reversion of somemalignant behaviour in HepG2.2.15 cells were the significant, effective therapy against HBV infection andhepatocellular carcinoma.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

mycobacterium avium; paratuberculosis; glycosyltransferases; bacillus subtilis;chromatography, affinity; antibodies, anti-idiotypic

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To evluate the curative effect of metal clips combining with microwave in treating large, pedicellatedgastrointestinal polyps by endoscopy.METHODS Ten patients with pedicellated gastrointestinal polyps were treated with metal clips (OlympusMD-850) combining with microwave by endoscopy. Among them, gastric polyps were found in 6 cases (6polyps), colonic polyps in 4 cases(4 polyps), 9 polyps were 1.5 cm - 2 cm in size, the other one was morethan 2 cm, the diameter of pedicel was 1 cm to 1.5 cm. All patients were repeatedly examined withendoscopy to observe the curative effect at 5 to 10 days and one month after treatment.RESULTS All the 10 polyps were eradicated, 2- 4 metal clips were placed in one polyp, the succeedingcurative rate was 100%. No hemorrhage, perforation and other complications occurred.CONCLUSION The curative effect of metal clips combining with microwave in treating large, pedicellatedgastrointestinal polyps by endoscopy is reliable and safe.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) guided pancreatic pseudocysts drainage is an ideal therapeuticprocedure. We perform it in just one step by using the self-made drainage stent.ETHODS We made an aperture at the tip of the needle outer sheath, and tied the outer sheath with theself-made stent by suture. EUS-guided pancreatic pseudocysts drainage was performed in five patients. Nopatient had visible endosmotic bulge on the gastrointestinal wall. Mean pseudocyst diameter was 4.5 cm(pancreatic head 1, body 2, tail 4). We determined the optimal site for puncture and advanced the needlyand stent into cyst. Taking out the needle made the stent separated from the sheath.RESULTS No hemorrhage happened among these patients. One patient suffering from fever up to 40℃recovered within two days after operation. All the cysts diminished insige after 7 days and resolvedcompletely after 6.8 weeks in average. Cyst resolution was accompanied by symptomatic improvement in allpatients. During a follow-up of 6 months no cyst recurred.CONCLUSION EUS-guided drainage of pseudocysts is a safe and effective procedure, which performs thejust in one process and diminishes the patients' distness.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To observe the therapeutic effect of colloidal bismuth tartrate in an animal colitis model.METHODS Immune-complex colitis was induced in groups of rabbits by formalin, and two hours later0.85 mL heat-aggregated rabbit IgG was given intravenously through the ear cannula. Animals wereintracolonically treated with colloidal bismuth tartrate (BITNAL), and its effect was compared withsulfasalazine (SASP), indomethacin (IND) and bifidobiogen (BIFG). Animals were killed, the mucosalappearance was scored (0-4), and tissue saved for histological studies, the number of neutrophils present ininflamed colonic tissue was quantitated by the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity assay, the production oflipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase products was monitored and eicosanoid production were assayed byincubation colonic specimens and the media for prostaglandin E2(PGE2), leukotriene (LTB4), thromboxaneB2(TXPe) were examined by radiommunoassay.RESULTS Immune-complex colitis was induced by formalin and IgG, colonic damage persisted for at least1 wk by macrography. Histologically, the inflammatory response included mucosal and submucosalinfiltration by polymorphonuclear leukocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes and fibroblasts, the macroscopic,persent 2 wk after IgG, was correlated with greatly increased PGE2, LTB4 and TXB2 compared with levels incontrols. Treatment with BITNAL (500 mg/kg) resulted in a lowered inflammation index, lowered MPOactivity and inhibited the increased formation of PGF-2, LTB4 and TXB2 by the inflamed colon, and IND(500 mg/kg) markedly inhibited prostanoid formation in both inflamed and control colon but did not reducetissue damage, SASP (500 mg/kg) also inhibited the formation of PGE2, LTB4 and TXB2 but the effectswere less marked. BIFG (400 mg/kg) did not significantly reduce the colonic injury and the media sythesizedby the rabbit colon.CONCLUSION BITAL provides better therapeutic effects in experimental colitis than anti-inflammatorydrug IND or SASP.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To study the relationship among typing of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Helicobacterpylori infection, expression of oncogene and tumor suppresser genes in gastric cancer and precancerouslessions.METHODS According to TCM typing, 120 patients with chronic superficial gastritis, intestinal metaplasia,atypical hyperplasia and gastric cancer were divided into 4 groups: 21 patients with coexistence of cold andheat syndrome (group R), 22 patients with in coordination between the liver and the spleen (group U), 29patients with deficiency of the spleen-yin (group I) and 48 patients with insufficiency of the spleen-yang(group H). Protein expression of c-myc, p21 and p53 were detected immunohistochemically, and Hp wereconfirmed by modified Giemsa method.RESULTS The Hp infection of the group H was significantly higher (72.9%) than that of group R(38.1%, P<0.01) and group U (40.9%, P<0.01). Expression of c-myc, p21 and p53 were significantlyrelated to Hp infection and severity of gastric mucosa lesions (group H>group I>group U>group R).CONCLUSION Hp infection, expression of oncogene and tumor suppresser genes were related to TCMtyping. These parameters were helpful in identification of symptoms and signs and TCM differentiationdiagnosis.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To study the clinical effect and mechanism of retention enema with quick-acting Kuijie powder(QAKJP) in treating chronic non-specific ulcerative colitis (CUC).METHODS A treatment group of 156 patients treated with QAKJP and a control group of 78 patientstreated with sulfasalazine orally were established randomly and their scores of main symptoms and signs weremeasured and compared before and after treatment. Animal experiments were conducted at the same time.RESULTS The total effective rate in the treatment and control group was 98.7% and 70.5% respectively,the clinical cure rate was 78.2% and 6.4% and the recurrence rate 5.3% and 20.0% respectively. Theeffectiveness of the treatment group was markedly superior to that of the control group, P<0.01.Experimental study showed QAKJB could rapidly alleviate the congestion and edema of intestinal mucosa,promote the healing of ulcer, inhibit spasm of colon and had significant antidiarrheal action and antagonisticeffect against allergic mediator histamine.CONCLUSION Retention enema with QAKJP has good effect on CUC, with low recurrence rate and notoxic or side effect.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To evaluate the role of intraoperative cholangiogram (IOC) in preventing biliary duct injury duringlaparoscopic cholecystectomy.METHODS Injury location, mechanism, time of detection, treatment outcome, and whether anintraoperative cholangiogram was performed were evaluated in 31 cases of bile duct injuries.RESULTS Cholangiograms were done in 22 cases, but they were misinterpreted in 3 of them. In 12 of 19misidentified cases, the cholangiogram was interpreted correctly, and the injury detected intraoperatively.Primary laparoscopic repair or open repair and T-tube drainage solved the problem. No long-termcomplications occurred. However, in 3 of the 19 cases the cholangiogram was misinterpreted and in 4 of the19 cases no cholangiogram was performed. Three of the seven patients required a cholangioentericanastomosis. In 2 cases the diagnosis was delayed and one of these required a two-stage procedure. Morbiditywas increased. Three cases of clim impingement of the common duct had delayed diagnoses, and two of themhad injuries. Thermal injury developed in 4 cases who had cholangiograms.CONCLUSION Routine IOC plays no role in inducing, preventing, detecting, or minimizing any of theinjuries due to clips, lacerations, or electrocautery, IOC does not prevent injuries due to ductmisidentification either. Careful interpretation of IOC would prevent injuries and avoid an open operation.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To increase the production of recombinant des (1 - 3) IGF- I by increasing the copy number of genecarried on an expression vector, and to partially purify the expressed des (1 - 3) IGF-Ⅰ , as well as compareits bio-activity with standard IGF-Ⅰ.METHODS Second copy of des (1 - 3) IGF-Ⅰ gene was inserted into pExSecl/IGF-Ⅰ expression vectorconstructed by our previous work and carryed already one des (1 -3) IGF-Ⅰ gene, to form PExSec1/2 (IGF-Ⅰ) expression plasmid, which carried two copies of tandem des (1 - 3) IGF-Ⅰ gene. This plasmid wastranformed into a protease-deficient E. coli strain BL21 (DE3). The engineered bacteria was cultured andinduced at low temperature. The expressed product was purified through ultra-filtration and gel-filtration.The bio-activity of partially purified protein was tested by MTT method and compared with standard IGF-Ⅰ.RESULTS The amount of des (1-3) IGF-Ⅰ expressed by pExSec 1/2 (IGF-Ⅰ) reached up to 19% -22%of the total soluble bacterial protein, which is about 7% higher than that of des (1 -3) IGF-Ⅰ expressed bypExSec1/IGF-Ⅰ. The purity of recombinant des (1 - 3) IGF-Ⅰ reached 49% and 82% respectively after thetreatments by ultra-filtration and gel-filtration. The result of MTT assay showed that the bio-activity of des(1- 3) 1GF-I after gel-filtration was about 77% of that of standard IGF-Ⅰ at the same concentration.CONCLUSION The yield of recombinant des (1 - 3) IGF-Ⅰ was increased about 7% by construction ofexpression plasmid with two copies of des (1 -3) IGF-Ⅰ gene, compared with only one copy of gene,preliminarily purified des (1 -3) IGF-Ⅰ showed relatively high biological activity, which was about 77% ofthat of standard IGF-Ⅰ.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To study the combined expression of gastrointestinal hormone substance P and anti-apoptosis gene Bcl-2 in gastric carcinoma and its significance.METHODS Substance P and Bcl-2 protein expression was examined by the S-P immunohistochemicalmethod in 33 cases of gastric carcinoma, 17 adjacent the carcinoma and 13 normal gastric mucoma.RESULTS Positive expression of SP in gastric carcinoma was higher than that of both adjacent and normalmucosa (P < 0.001). There was no statistical difference in the positive expression between adjacent andnormal mucosa (P > 0.05). The expression of bcl-2 both in gastric carcinoma and adjacent tissues werehigher than that of normal gastric mucosa (P< 0.05-0.01). But the positive expression of Bcl-2 had nostatistical significance between gastric carcinoma and adjacent tissues.CONCLUSION Both gastrointestinal hormone SP and Bcl-2 gene have synergistic expression in gastriccarcinoma, indicating that they all take part in the occurrence of gastric carcinoma. Abnormal expression ofBcl-2 gene occurred in benign gastric pathological changes, once they become carcinoma, the positiveexpression of cell is no more increased, possibly because that there is no more increase of the intensity of Bcl-2 inhibition of cell apoptosis.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To understand the characteristics and investigate the diagnosis, treatment of intrahepatic biliarypapillomatosis.METHODS Two cases were confirmed operatively and pathologically, and the literature reviewed.RESULTS The causes of the disease are not clear, but the long-term irritations of stone and inflammationmay be considered. Despite being histologically benign, it has low-grade malignant potential, characterizedby multiple and diffusive manner, and has high rates of recurrence and malignant transformation. Jaundiceand cholangitis are the dominant manifestations. Imaging modalities are beneficial in it's diagnosis, and thescanning of choledochoscopy is of great value.CONCLUSION The management of the disease is difficult. Curative resection is the primary therapy.Curettage and drainage may lead to high recurrence. The chemotherapy and lasertherapy represent othermodalities in the treatment. Biliary papillomatosis may become a new indication for liver transplantation.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To investigate the expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), inducible NO synthase (iNOS)protein and eNOS mRNA gene in the splanchnic organs of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertensive rats.METHODS In control and CCl4-induced liver cirrhotic rats, the expression of eNOS and iNOS proteins wasdetected by immunohistochemical method, and eNOS mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization.RESULTS The expression of eNOS protein and eNOS mRNA increased in most organs of the cirrhotic rats,including bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells, renal tubular epithelial cells and mesenchyma, endothelialand adventitial cells of aorta and superior mesenteric artery, whereas no significant increase of iNOS proteinwas found. In the hepatic tissue, NOS protein and eNOS mRNA were present in mesenchymal cells and vesseladventitial cells, no difference was observed in the expression between control and cirrhotic rats.CONCLUSION The expression of NOS varied in region. In splanchnic organs and vasculars there was anincreased expression of eNOS which induced aplanchnic vasodilation and increased the inflow of portal vein,while in the liver tissue and blood vessel showed no increased expression, which may be associated withincreased intrahepatic vascular resistance.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To study the expression of cathepsin B in gastric carcinoma and its relationship with pathologic type.METHODS The cathepsin B expression in 54 specimens of human gastric adenocarcinoma was studied byimmunohistochemistry.RESULTS The cathepsin B expression was detected in 33/54 (61.1%) specimens of human gastriccarcinoma and in 3/54 (5.6%) of normal tissue (P<0.01). There was no obvious correlation between theexpression of cathepsin B and pathologic type of gastric adenocarcinoma.CONCLUSION There is a high expression of cathepsin B in human gastric adenocarcinoma.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To compare the point mutation deviations of HGV among E2, NS3 and NSSA.METHODS Seven patients with hepatic diseases from Japan and China were selected for this study. RNAwas extracted and amplified by semi-nested RT-PCR; and the PCR products were sequenced directly.RESULTS The point mutation deviations of HGV ia E2, NS3 and NS5A were 10% - 17%, 11% -23%,and 0% - 5%, in nuclcotide sequences and 4% - 12%, 0%, and 0% - 6% in amino acid sequencesrespectively.CONCLUSION The frequency of variation at the nucleotide level was in the order NS3>E2>NS5A, whileat the amino acid level the order was E2 >NS5A>NS3. The detected sequences from the N-terminus of E2may be the poorly conserved region of HGV.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM The hepatic content of collagens (type I, Ⅲ and Ⅶ) and laminin (LN) in rat model of experimentalliver fibrosis was observed to find out their roles in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis.METHODS The experimental rat model was established by immunological injury induced by injectinghuman albumin. Histopathological and immunohistochemical methods were used to measure the hepaticcontent of collagens and laminin in the fibrotic rat livers.RESULTS The hepatic contents of collagens (type I, Ⅲ, Ⅶ) and LN in the fibrotic rat livers weresignificantly increased as compared with those in the control group, and they were found to be mainlylocalized in the portal space, central veins and fibrous septa. Electron microscopic study showed that pro-collagens were present around the “activated” hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and the hepatocytes atrophied.CONCLUSION Pathological deposition of collagens (type Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅶ ) and laminin was the fundamentallesion of liver fibrosis. HSC may be the major cellular source of collagens (type Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅶ) and laminin inthe liver tissue.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To determine the effect of glutathione (GSH) on stress gastric mucosal lesion.METHODS The stress gastric mucosal lesion as produced by restraint water-immersion in rats and gastricmucosal lesion, gastric mucosal GSH content, gastric acid secretion and gastric barrier mucus secretion wereexamined. We also observed the effect of GSH on gastric mucosal lesion and the effect of N-ethylmaleimine(NEM) and indomethacin on GSH protection. Comparisons between two groups were made using the Students t test.RESULTS GSH (100 and 200 mg/kg) intraperitoneally protected against stress gastric mucosal lesion(P<0.001 and P<0.001). Restraint water-immersion stress significantly reduced gastric mucosal GSHcontent (P < 0.001), but pretreatment with GSH (100 mg/kg) had no effect on gastric mucosal GSH content(P>0.05). The preinjection of NEM (10 mg/kg, sc.), a sulfhydryl-blocking reagent, or indomethacin(5 mg/kg, im.), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, had no effect on protection of GSH (P>0.05). GSH(100mg/kg) significantly increased secretion of gastric barrier mucus (P<0.05), but had no effect onsecretion of gastric acid in restraint water-immersed rats (P >0.05).CONCLUSION GSH can inhibit the formation of gastric mucosal lesions induced by restraint water-immersion. The protective effect of GSH was due, in part, to promoting the secretion of gastric barriermucus, but not to suppress the gastric acid secretion. The protection effect of GSH has no relation withgastric mucosal GSH and PGs.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM We have discovered that Limonene modulates interdigestive myoelectrical complexes (IMCs) ofgastrointestinal tract in rats. In this research we will elucidate weather limonene affects acetylcholine M-receptor in caudate nucleus.METHODS Changes of IMCs were studied after limonene and/or atropine were microinjected into caudatenucleus. IMCs were recorded by a RM-6200 four-channel recorder and then delivered to Maclab and PowerMacintosh.RESULTS The active phases of IMCs occupied about 40% of total cycle in average. After microinjection oflimonene into caudate nucleus, the active phases were significantly shortened, while the cycle time of IMCswere not changed significantly. The inhibitory effects of limonene were abolished by pretreatment withatropine, whilst the atropine has no effect on IMCs.CONCLUSION It is suggested that limonene inhabits the gastrointestinal IMCs by affecting M-receptor incaudate nucleus.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期