AIM To compare the effects of intravenous route and peritoneal route on liver targeted uptake andexpression of plasmid delivered by glyco-poly-L-lysine (G-PLL).METHODS The plasmid pTM/MMP-1 which could be expressed in eukaryotic cells was bound to thegalactose-terminal glyco-poly-L-lysine (G-PLL), and then was transferred into Wistar rats by intravenousand intraperitoneal injection respectively. Afterwards the expression and distribution of the plasmid wereobserved at different time points by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS The plasmid could be expressed obviously in 24 hours after being transferred in vivo by bothintravenous and intraperitoneal route. One week later the expression began to decrease, and still could beovserved three weeks later. Although both the intravenous and intraperitoneal route could deliver theplasmid to liver targetly, the effect of the former was better as compared with that of the latter.CONCLUSION Intravenous route was better for liver targeted uptake and expression of G-PLL-boundplasmid than peritoneal route.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To evaluate the clinical value of creatine kinase macroisoenzyme type 2 (CK-M2) and oligosaccharideprotein (OP) in serum from patients with gastric carcinoma (GC).METHODS Serum level of CK-M2 was detected by agar gel electrophoresis. OP concentration was measuredby an enzyme immunoassay.RESULTS Serum levels of CK-M2 and OP in 57 cases of GC were significantly higher than those in 51 caseswith gastric precancerous lesion and 28 controls. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for GC with CK-M2 was 56.10% and 98.63% respectively. CK-M2 and OP were not associated with histologic type and degreeof differentiation.CONCLUSION These results suggest that CK-M2 may serve as a marker to diagnose GC, and the specificityis higher, whereas OP is not more significant for GC diagnosis, but it could be a useful indicator forevaluation the status of body immune.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To compare the point mutation deviations of HGV among E2, NS3 and NSSA.METHODS Seven patients with hepatic diseases from Japan and China were selected for this study. RNAwas extracted and amplified by semi-nested RT-PCR; and the PCR products were sequenced directly.RESULTS The point mutation deviations of HGV ia E2, NS3 and NS5A were 10% - 17%, 11% -23%,and 0% - 5%, in nuclcotide sequences and 4% - 12%, 0%, and 0% - 6% in amino acid sequencesrespectively.CONCLUSION The frequency of variation at the nucleotide level was in the order NS3>E2>NS5A, whileat the amino acid level the order was E2 >NS5A>NS3. The detected sequences from the N-terminus of E2may be the poorly conserved region of HGV.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To study the effects of heat exposure and swimming on membranous structure of the small intestinalepithelium and the biochemical indexes.METHODS The distribution of the intra-membranous particles (IMPs) in enteric epithelium of SD rats andthe number of IMPs were analyzed with freeze-etching technique and TxB2, PGFIa, PRL, CORT and totalSA (TSA) were measured with the techniques of biochemistry and radio-immunity.RESULTS Heat exposure markedly affected the distributive pattern of IMPs in intestinal epithelium andmade the numbers of IMPs on the PF and EF faces of cell membrane and nuclear membrane decreased.Swimming exacerbated the above changes. And in the meantime heat exposure resulted in the massivereleasing of the body-hurting substance as TxB2 and reducing of the body-protecting substance as PGFIa.TSA increased obviously. These changes recovered partly after heat exposure, but the number of IMPs onboth PF and EF faces and certain biochemical indexes were still not restored to the levels as in the controlgroup.CONCLUSION Heat exposure and swimming can make the cellular catabolism accelerated and anabolismreduced, then bring about the numbers of IMPs of intestinal epithelium membrane and nuclear membranedecreased, and the distribution was abnormal. TxB2, PGFIa, PRL, CORT and TSA were changedabnormally during heat exposure. And above indexes showed no notable evidence of recovery after stoppingheat exposure 4 hours-24 hours; the delayed injury was obviously presented.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To study the relationship between the lipid peroxide (LPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and thepathogenesis of gastrointestinal cancers.METHODS We investigated the SOD activity and LPO levels in blood and mucosa of patients withesophageal (EC), gastric (GC) and colorectal cancer (CC), gastric ulcer (GU) and compared with normalesophagus (NE), stomach (NS) and colon (NC). respectively, 287 patients who underwent endoscopy werestudied. SOD activity of the tissue and blood was determined using SUN's adrenaline auto oxidation method.LPO levels were determined according to YU's method.RESULTS The SOD activity and LPO level in blood and mucosa are shown in the Table 1 (x±Sx).Table 1 SOD and LPO in blood and tissues of patients with gastrointestinal cancers SOD(U／mg protein) LPO(U／mg)Groups n Tissue blood Tissue BloodNormal stomachGastric ulcerGastric cancerNormal esophagusEsophageal cancerNormal colonColon cancer 60 42 43 32 52 28 30 1.90±0.18 0.64±0.40a 0.37±0.24a 1.17±0.70 0.39±0.30a 0.81±0.36 0.31±0.17b 33.70±1.73 25.50±0.67b 27.86±1.02b 30.80±3.78 28.23±10.63 20.97±4.77 19.35±7.32 0.01±0.004 0.05±0.010b 0.06±0.021b 0.014±0.005 0.061±0.033b 0.012±0.003 0.069±0.015b 0.83±0.01 0.11±0.02 0.12±0.03 0.08±0.02 0.11±0.02 0.08±0.03 0.11±0.02aP<0.001, bp<0.01 vs corresponding normal controls, respectively.CONCLUSION SOD activity of the tissue is significantly decreased in EC. GC and CC. LPO levels weresignificantly higher than those of corresponding normal tissue. These results suggest that mucosal SOD andLPO levels are closely related to the pathogenesis of the gastrointestinal cancers.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To analyze the psychological characteristics of enterostomized patients, identify the effective methodsin order to improve the psychological rehabilitation of these patients and promote their quality of life.METHODS Questionnaires were filled up by 293 enterostomized patients pre- and post-operatively toidentify their psychological characteristics. One group (n = 45) of post-enterostomized patients were taughtto take care of stoma by irrigation, the others (n = 248) to merely look after the colostomy bag.RESULTS The psychological characteristics were identified as disbelief, fear, desperation or anxiety pre-operatively; as unstable mood, irritable, afraid, sense of lost body image or depression post-operatively; aslow self-esteem, self isolation, or despondent in rehabilitative period respectively. Results revealed that thepatients need psychological support both pre-operatively and post-operatively. Meanwhile, proper stoma careis of the same importance. After irrigation 1 -3 months regularly, most of the 45 regular irrigating patientswere free from skin irritation problems; 40(89%) patients had daily or bidaily motions; and most of themshowed an absence of fecal leakage or gases, and they hardly suffer from bad odors. Some of them even onlypartially use the colostomy bag. These patients were more confident to reinstate to their previous daily life.Only 5 (11%) patients had irregular bowel movements. Enterostomized patient club and out-patientconsultation clinic are beneficial to improve their psychological rehabilitation.CONCLUSION Careful pre-operative psychological support can help patient's post-operative adoption. Thepsychological rehabilitation of the patients can speed their physical recovery. Proper stoma care and earlyreinstatement into previous social life are also important to improve the patients' rehabilitation.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To observe the therapeutic effect of weile jiaonang (WLJN) for peptic ulcer (PU) and its toxicity toanimals, and to find out the nontoxic Chinese medicines in replacing those chemical medicines with sideeffect.METHODS Five hundred and forty patients with PU were divided into three groups, therapeutic group byWLJN, control group taking famotidine and combined group with WLJN and famotidine. One hundred andeighty patients in each group were studied. The diagnosis of 540 patients with PU is in accordance with thebasis provided by the National Scientific Congress of Digestive System Disease convened in Hangzhou, 1978.The study followed the criterion provided by this Congress.RESULTS Total effective rate in therapeutic group was 93.3%, and 93.3% in control group. Combinedgroup achieved a total effective rate of 100%. For all three groups, there was no significant differencestatistically, but the control group appeared obvious side effects. The result of acute toxic experiments onwhite mice showed that there no death and toxic side effect even the highest dosage was given, which wasequivalant to 120 times to the dosage of patients. The result of chronic toxic experiment showed there was noobvious pathologic change in three dosed groups. The tails of mice in dosed groups were more smooth delicateand cleaner than those in control group.CONCLUSION Through observation in clinic and exprimental animal, it is proved that weilejiaonang isparticularly effective and safe Chinese patent drug against PU.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM We introduce a new highly selective vagotomy (HSV) procedure which can completely destroy anyexisting variant vagal fibers innervating the proximal stomach.METHODS Twenty-eight dogs were divided into three groups: group A had retrograde liberated highlyselective vagotomy (RLHSV), group B had traditional HSV and group C as control group. Gastric acidsecretion function was tested and gastric parasympathetic and sympathetic enervation were studied byretrograde tracing the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or by histochemical staining. After being convincedthat the modified procedure was an easier and more effective HSV on animal model, we applied thetechnique to the treatment of duodenal ulcers in 100 patients.RESULTS Significant decrease of acid secretion was found in operated dogs in both group A and B. After injection of HRP subserously into the fundus and body, no HRP positive cells were found in the vagal dorsalnucleus in group A and B but were in group C. When HRP was injected into the antrum, HRP stained cellswere found in dorsal nucleus in all three groups. The negative histochemical staining of AchE and the positivefluorescence in the fundus and body in group A and B indicate that parasympathetic nerve fibers weredestroyed completely while norepinephrinergic nerve fibers were intact. When the operation was applied topatients, no severe complications or operative mortality occurred. Patients were followed up for 6- 84months. They all had complete gastric emptying function. Ninety-four patients were graded as Visick I orⅡ. Six as Visick Ⅲ and Ⅳ. Eighty patients had been followed up with gastroscopy for two years afteroperation. Four patients had recurrent ulcers. Among them two patients were asymptomatic and the othertwo had symptoms and were treated with partial gastrectomy.CONCLUSION Compared to the classic HSV, our modified procedure is more effective clinically andconvenient technically.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To investigate the short-term and long-term therapeutic effect of traditional medicine preparation andIFN-α1 b on hepatic fibrosis due to chronic hepatitis B.METHODS Fifty-two patients with hepatic fibrosis of hepatitis B were treated by IFN-alb and traditionalmedicine preparation, then observed the change of serum indexes of hepatic fibrosis, liver biopsy,ultrasonography and fibergastroscopy.RESULTS The serum indexes of hepatic fibrosis decreased significantly after 3-month treatment(P<0.05). The improvement of liver fibrosis was confirmed by liver biopsy, ultrasonography andfibergastroscopy. After 3-year continuous follow-up, the conditions of patients were got better. Symptomsand signs were disappeared. The pathohistologic change of liver, serum index of hepatic fibrosis and liverfunction were continuously improved.CONCLUSION The good short-term and long-term effects were obtained by using IFN-α1b to suppressduplication of hepatitis B virus and traditional medicine preparation to reverse hepatic fibrosis.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To observe the effects of Innovar and Atropine on Visceral pull response.METHODS Patients were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group was treated by DanNang Xue blockade with Innovar 4 mL and Atropine 0.5 mg (n = 40) and the control group was treated byabdominal vagus blockade with 10 mL of 10 g/L Lidocaine (n = 40). Dan Nang Xue was chosen for insertionof No 5 needle (5 cm in length) after local sterilization. The acupoint of Dan Nang Xue is located at theoutside of knee-jont and it is one-finger wider below Yanglingquan can be found. A sensitive point. Theneedle was inserted between tibia and fibulae, lifted, thrusted and twirled until the patient felt ache. Innovarand Atropine were injected on Dan Nang Xue and the acupoint was gently messaged.RESULTS Patients in the experimental group remained quiet during operation. Neither nausea or vomitingnor uncomfortable reaction was complained, 85% of the patients belonged to grade m. Acupunctureenhanced the peristalsis of gallbladder and biliary secretions. Atropine relieved muscular spasm andprevented vomiting. A low heart rate was noted in the control during abdominal survey and gallbladder pull(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Dan Nang Xue blockade with innovar and atropine can prevent visceral pull response.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To study the comprehensive prevention and treatment of gastric cancer among high-risk population inthe high risk areas.METHODS A gastrocarcinoma mass screening was performed in 16 villages of Zhuanghe region. About50 000 population were involved and 3033 cases aged above 35 suffering from gastric diseases, and/or hadfamily history of gastric cancer were screened. Clinical epidemiological investigation, double-contrast X-ray,serum pepsinogen monitor, gastroscopic biopsies and histopathologic examinations were adopted in thescreening.RESULTS The ratio of the examined patients with gastric disorder reached up to 82% and 32 patients withgastric cancer were detected (1.06%) and 18 cases were early gastric cancer (56.25%). Patients with gastriccancer were treated successively. Aside from gastric cancer, several gastric lesions were also detected, whichlaid a good foundation for further interventional treatment. It was also found in the examination that93.97% of the local residents were addicted to salted pork and more than 60% of the residents had Hpinfection.CONCLUSION Gastric diseases, Hp infection of gastric mucosa and eating salted pork are very common inZhuanghe region. These are very dangerous factors causing gastric cancer. It is feasible to quit eating saltedpork and eradicate Hp infection and cure precancerous diseases.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To study the detection of micrometastasis in peripheral blood of patients with gastric carcinomas andits clinical significance.METHODS A cytokeratin 19 (CK19)-specific nested reverse transcriptase-polimerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed to detect CK19 expressing cancer cells, the sensitivity was determined by serialdilution method using CK19 expressing gastric cancer cells, the specificity was assessed by examining 12negative controls and 12 positive controls. Then pre-operative peripheral blood from 42 patients with gastriccancer was detected and the relationship between positive results and biological behavior was studied.RESULTS CK19mRNA was expressed in all the 12 gastric cancer tissues but not in peripheral blood from12 healthy individuals；sensitivity of nested RT-PCR amplification for CK19mRNA was confirmed to be 1/106 by serial dilution method using human gastric cancer line SGC-7901; micrometastases in pre-operativeperipheral blood were detected in 13 (30,9%) patients with gastric carcinomas, the frequency ofmicrometastasis in peripheral blood was significantly correlated with tumor size,depth of invasion and TNMstage (x2 test, P<0.05).CONCLUSION Nested RT-PCR amplification for CK19mRNA is a sensitive and specific method for thedetection of micrometastases in peripheral blood in gastric cancer patients; pre-operative detection ofmicrometastasis in peripheral blood may be helpful in the prediction of tumor progression.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To investigate the therapeutic effect of TNF gene transfected LAK cells on ascitic liver carcinoma-bearing mice.METHODS TNF gene was transfected into murine LAK cells by retrovirus. Low dose TNF gene-transfectcdLAK cells and IL-2 were i.p. injected into murine model. Cytotoxicity of gene transfected LAK cells wasstudied in vitro growth and the survival time of murine model was observed.RESULTS TNF gene-transfected LAK cells secreted higher level of TNF than that of normal LAK cells orcontrol gene-transfected LAK ceils. The in vitro growth ability and cytotoxicity of TNF gene-transfectedLAK cells were markedly inhibited by anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies. Significant therapeutic effect onascitic liver carcinoma-bearing mice was achieved.CONCLUSION TNF gene-transfected LAK cells have therapeutic effect on ascitic liver carcinoma-bearingmice.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To observe the therapeutic effect of Welcome on gastric mucosal dysplasia in rats.METHODS Rats with gastric mucosal dysplasia induced by MMNG and heat-damage were treated withWelcome, a kind of traditional Chinese medicine compound which has the functions of replenishing qi toinvigorate the spleen, and of nourishing the liver and kidney and clearing away heat and toxic materials, thecontrol rats were treated with saline and tretinoin.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The results showed Welcome could obviously block the mutagenic action ofMNNG and prevent the occurrence of gastric mucosal dysplasia of rats.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To report a new method designed to collect gastric juice from chicken, and determine the basal levelof gastric acid and serum gastrin, and the effect of pentagastrin on gastric acid output.METHODS White Leghorn chickens, weighing 1.3 kg- 1.7 kg, deprived of food 24 h prior to experiment,were anaesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (60μg/kg, im). A reverse double lumen perfusion cannulawas introduced into the distal portion of the proventriculus through the crop incision. The perfusate drainedout from the cannular outlet was collected to determine the gastric acid. Gastric acid volume was determinedby titration with 0.01N NaOH. Serum gastrin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay using gastrin assaykit.RESULTS Acid output in the basal state was 0.041±0.006 mmol/L/10min, or 0.246±0.031mmol/L/h. The serum gastrin concentration was 78.27±19.19 pg/mL (n = 22). Three groups wereinjected pentagastrin at three dose level, 20μg/kg, 60μg/kg, 120μg/kg, respectively. The maximumoutput in three groups was 275%, 181% and 167% of their control acid output. Isoproterenol at a dose of0.3 mg/kg produced obvious inhibition of pentagastrin-stimulated gastric secretion. The effect ofisoproterenol on gastric secretion was completely abolished by propranolol, a β-receptor antagonist, but wasnot done by practolol, another 31-receptor antagonist.CONCLUSION The basal gastric acid output of chicken was high. Pentagastrin remarkably stimulatedgastric acid secretion, which could be inhibited by isoproterenol.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To characterize genomic DNA flanking IS900 insertions and develop a rapid Multiplex PCR IS900Locus (MPIL) typing method for MAP reporting the presence or absence of the element at each locus,METHODS Genomic DNA flanking 14 of the 18 IS900 loci was sequenced and compared with databasehomologues. An MPIL typing method was developed using a common IS900 primer and individual locus-specific primers designed to produce amplification products differing by about 50bp which could be easilyresolved on a single gel. MPIL was applied to a panel of 81 MAP isolates and compared with RFLP profiles.RESULTS Genes flanking IS900 loci included homologues of transcription regulators, a sigma factor, anitrate reductase, a polyketide synthase and an O6-methylguanine-methyl transferase. MPIL rapidly andconsistently identified 10 individual types of MAP from the panel of 81 isolates, and distinguished betweenbovine and ovine strains. Nine MPIL types corresponded directly to single RFLP types previously identified.CONCLUSION Isg00 insertions in MAP may affect the expression of genes critically associated with thepathogenic phenotype. MPIL typing can identify bovine and ovine strains independent of the need for cultureand may contribute to studies of the molecular epidemiology of these difficult organisms.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To substantiate the therapeutic effects of carbonate buffer mixture on naturally occurringgastrointestinal atony in cattle.METHODS Therapeutic effects of carbonate buffer mixture (Na2CO350 g, NaHCO3420 g, KCI 20 g, NaC1100 g, water 10 L) were observed in 120 cases of gastrointestinal atony including forestomach atony, rumenimpaction, rumen acidosis, omasum impaction and intestinal constipation. Judgement of curative effects ascure: after treated, the cases become clinically normal in general conditions, appetite, rumination, ruminalperistalsis and defecation; uncure: after giving two doses, the gasto-intestinal atony has not been eliminated.RESULTS Average cure rate of carbonate buffer mixture on above-mentioned diseases were 95%, andaverage dose was 1.4±0.5.CONCLUSION Being a new approach for treatment of gastrointestinal atony in ruminants, the carbonatebuffer mixture can eliminate the gastrointestinal atony originated from the over acidity in gastrointestinalcanal.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To investigate the effect of BCG vaccine and dipyridamole in treating hepatitis B due to their anti-virus effects.METHODS Among 602 patients with positive HBeAg, 512 were allocated to the treatment group and 90patients to the control group. There was no significant difference in disease and age between the two groups.All the patients in the treatment group with no abnormal findings by chest X-ray fluoroscopy, whose localskin scleromata diameters were less than 7 mm after the 1:2000 OT test, were given BCG vaccine 0.1 mlintracutaneously at the deltoid once a month, and simultaneously took dipyridamole 50 mg twice a day forfour to eight months. The hepatic function, B-mode ultrasound and the five markers of hepatitis B wereroutinely examined before each injection. The results at one month after the last injection in the treatmentgroup were compared with those of the control group.RESULTS The recovery rates of hepatic functions and the rates of improvement of the symptoms and signsin the treatment group were better than those in the control group. The negative transformation rates ofHBeAg and the positive transformation rates of HBeAb were 60.3% and 31.6% in the treatment group vs.13.3% and 13.0% in the control group (P<0.01, Test x2, x2=26.82, 6.81). The negative transformationrates of HBsAg and the positive transformation rates of HBsAb were 5.5% and 8.2% in the treatment groupvs. 5.6% and 9.9% in the control group (P>0.05. Test x2, x2=1.11, 0.22).CONCLUSION The application of BCG vaccine in combination with dipyridamole increased the negativetransformation rate of HBeAg and the positive transformation rate of HBeAb, improved the clinicalsymptoms, signs and hepatic function of the patients. These two drugs had significant anti-HBV effect andshowed good efficacy in the treatment of HBV infection.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To investigate the role of sphincter of Boyden in bile excretion and its regulating factors.METHODS Perfusion manometry, choledocho-cineradiography, reaction of the sphincter of Boyden toendogenous cholecystokinin (CCK) and immunohistochemical quantitative analysis were performed in 16dogs to study the motility and morphology of the sphincter of Boyden in experimental (postcholecystectomy)group ( n = 8) and the control group (n = 8).RESULTS The bile duct surrounded by SB was a low-pressure lumen (10.0 ± 2.0 mmHg), in which thepressure was significantly different (P<0.01, t = 6. 195) from the basal pressure of the high-pressure area ofsphincter of Oddi (SO), its basal pressure (SOBP) was 16.9±0.5 mmHg. The SB was an enlarged ampulladuring bile excretion interval, and showed active contraction during bile excretion. Intrinsic CCK could causediastole of SO, but does not affect the systole and diastole of SB. After cholecystectomy, spastic contractionpersisted in SB, which could not be relieved by intrinsic CCK. The sensitivity to CCK of SO was decreased,and the evacuation time of media prolonged (27.0±3.4 min vs precholecystectomy 17.l±0.9min P<0.01,t =7.961). In immunohistochemistry analysis, the contents of a-actin, myosin in the SB of experimentalgroup showed no increase. Under electronic microscope, the main changes were 3D structuraldisarrangement of the cell framework, distortion of the microfilaments, swelling and aggregation ofmitochondria at the nuclear side.CONCLUSION The excretion of bile can be divided into two types, physiological bile excretion with a drivemainly caused by the contraction of SB, and the other, functional bile excretion with a drive mainly causedby the contraction of gallbladder. It seems that the function of SB was controlled by vagus, whereas SO wasmore sensitive to the intrinsic CCK, The intact gallbladder is an elemental factor of functional coordinationof SB and SO.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To determine whether MAP can be detected in archival paraffin embedded full thickness samples ofintestinal tissue from patients in China with Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and in controlsubjects (NIBD) having surgery for bowel cancer.METHODS Optimized procedures for the removal of paraffin, recovery of tissue and access to MAP DNA,followed by MAP-specific nested IS900 PCR. Confirmation of specific amplification by Southern blotting andDNA sequencing.RESULTS IS900 PCR positive tests identified MAP in 9 (69%) of 13 CD, 1 of 3 UC and 2 (14%) of 14NIBD in the presence of correctly reporting positive and negative sample and reagent control reactions. DNAsequence analysis of the 298bp IS900 PCR amplification product from MAP in 2 Chinese CD patientsdemonstrated 99% homology with the GenBank IS900 sequence accession number X16293.CONCLUSION Although larger numbers of Chinese samples need to be studied, these initial results areconsistent with an exposure of human populations in China to MAP, and an involvement of this pathogen inchronic inflammation of the intestine of the Crohn's disease type. The results are in agreement with similarpositive studies reported from China, from Western Europe and elsewhere.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期