AIM To review the progress in pharmacological mechanisms of terandrine (Tet) and its therapeutic use indigestive diseases.METHODS We reviewed almost all the papers related to Tet from various magazines published in Englishand Chinese in recent years.RESULTS It has been demonstrated that Tet had multiple bioactivities: ① Tet could act as a Ca2+antagonist via blocking cellular plasma membrane voltage- or receptor-operating Ca2+ channels, inhibiting extracellular Ca2+ entry into the cell and intracellular Ca2+ mobilization to the cytosol, so as to preventhepatocytes, cardiomyocytes, pancreas cells and neurocytes from toxic or ischemia-reperfusion injuries.However, in HL-60 and leukemic T cells, Tet promoted Ca2+ releasing from mitochondria and microsomes,increased the concentration of intracellular Ca2 + , and induced cell death; ② Tet inhibited phobol 12-myristat13-acetate (PMA) plus ionomycin-induced T cell proliferation, interleukin-2 secretion and expression of theT cell activation antigen, CD71. It could also interrupt the integrity of macrophages, and reduced respiratoryburst of neutrophils and macrophages and proinflammatory cytokines secretion through minimizing nucleartranscriptional factor kappa B DNA binding activity; ③ Tet could induce tumor cell apoptosis, and down-regulate P-glucoprotein activity; and ④ Tet has the therapeutic effects on hepatic fibrogenesis, portalhypertension, immunomodulation, etc.CONCLUSION Tet can act as a Ca2 + channel blocker, inhibit proinflammatory factors releasing, modulateimmunoreaction, and induce tumor cell apoptosis. It can be used to prevent hepatocyte injury induced bytoxins and virus, inhibit hepatic fibrogenesis, reduce portal venous pressure, and can be used as an anti-tumor drug as well.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To evaluate the clinical value of creatine kinase macroisoenzyme type 2 (CK-M2) and oligosaccharideprotein (OP) in serum from patients with gastric carcinoma (GC).METHODS Serum level of CK-M2 was detected by agar gel electrophoresis. OP concentration was measuredby an enzyme immunoassay.RESULTS Serum levels of CK-M2 and OP in 57 cases of GC were significantly higher than those in 51 caseswith gastric precancerous lesion and 28 controls. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for GC with CK-M2 was 56.10% and 98.63% respectively. CK-M2 and OP were not associated with histologic type and degreeof differentiation.CONCLUSION These results suggest that CK-M2 may serve as a marker to diagnose GC, and the specificityis higher, whereas OP is not more significant for GC diagnosis, but it could be a useful indicator forevaluation the status of body immune.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM In order to provide the TCM therapeutic basis for MODS in clinical critical patients, the role of shockdecoction in anti-bacterial translocation from the gut was tested in rats.METHODS Based on the pathophysiology of MODS following bacterial translocation from the gut causedby severe injuries such as burn, shock, hemorrhagic shock model that induced obvious bacterial translocationwas established and used to determine whether shock decoction, that is composed of modified WenpiDecoction, reduces bacterial translocation. Bacterial culture for mesenteric lymph nodes, liver and spleen ofrats in shock, treatment and control groups was used to calculate the incidence of bacterial translocation.RESULTS The incidence of intestinal bacteria translocating to mesenteric lymph nodes, liver and spleenwas lower in the shocked rats infused via gastrogavage with shock decoction (3/ 15) than that in thenoninfused shocked rats (11 / 13), (P = 0.0009, < 0.01 ). The incidence of intestinal bacteria translocationof rats in shock and control groups were distinctly different (P = 0.0017, <0.01). The amounts and speciesof intestinal flora between infused and noninfused shocked rats were not different statistically (P=0.101,P>0.05). Histological examination showed that intestinal mucosa edema was severer in the shocked ratsthan in the shocked rats with gastrogavage.CONCLUSION Shock beverage could inhibit the shock-induced enterogenous bacterial translocation in ratsprobably by its protective role in intestinal mucosa structure; and has no effect on the growth of intestinalbacteria.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To characterize genomic DNA flanking IS900 insertions and develop a rapid Multiplex PCR IS900Locus (MPIL) typing method for MAP reporting the presence or absence of the element at each locus,METHODS Genomic DNA flanking 14 of the 18 IS900 loci was sequenced and compared with databasehomologues. An MPIL typing method was developed using a common IS900 primer and individual locus-specific primers designed to produce amplification products differing by about 50bp which could be easilyresolved on a single gel. MPIL was applied to a panel of 81 MAP isolates and compared with RFLP profiles.RESULTS Genes flanking IS900 loci included homologues of transcription regulators, a sigma factor, anitrate reductase, a polyketide synthase and an O6-methylguanine-methyl transferase. MPIL rapidly andconsistently identified 10 individual types of MAP from the panel of 81 isolates, and distinguished betweenbovine and ovine strains. Nine MPIL types corresponded directly to single RFLP types previously identified.CONCLUSION Isg00 insertions in MAP may affect the expression of genes critically associated with thepathogenic phenotype. MPIL typing can identify bovine and ovine strains independent of the need for cultureand may contribute to studies of the molecular epidemiology of these difficult organisms.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To study the liver-protecting and fibrosis-resisting effect of Ganxianning (GXN) and its mechanism.METHODS Model of carbon tetrachloride hepatic injury fibrosis rats was reproduced. In the experimentthere were six groups, the treatment groups with GXN's large, moderate and small dose (GXNb, GXNm andGXNs), the treatment group with colchicine, the blank model group and normal control group. The course of treatment was 30 days, then the rats were killed with their blood and liver tested.RESULTS In treatment groups, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was lower than that in the model group(P<0.01), and albumin (Alb) higher than that in the model (P<0.01). Hydroxylproline (Hyp) and redcell membrane C3B receptor garland in GXNb's and GXNm's groups were lower and circulation complex(CIC) was slightly higher. Fibrinogen (Fb) in both colchicine and model groups was higher than that innormal group and the difference was significant (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with model group, acid-α-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) increased in GXNb's and GXNm's groups (P<0.05, P<0.01). Underlight and electron microscopes, level of hepatic fibrosis of GXN groups was much lower than that of themodel group, P<0.01, and their difference was very significant. In GXNms group, liver cell was normal onthe whole and its chromatin was more than the model group and its nucleolus was evident.CONCLUSION GXN has rather good functions of protecting liver and resisting fibrosis, and thesefunctions are related to the increase of ANAE and C3b, decrease of CIC and Fb. and improvement of bodyimmunity function.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM The incision in rectal cancer operation is adopted commonly in the left mid-lower abdomen. But thereare some defects for the incision, which is close to the artificial colotomy, readily be contaminated by feces,difficult to treat the lesions in hepatic and cholecystic area at the same time and in the weakened area ofabdominal wall. So, we employed the abdominal right lower paramedian incision to solve these problems.METHODS The abdominal right lower paramedian incision is from publc tubercle upward to 3 cm- 4 cmabove navel. The incision should be extended upward if individual need of performing hepatic and cholecysticoperation, or placing catheter or pump in hepatic artery or portal vein for chemotherapy at the same time.RESULTS One hundred and eighty three cases with rectal cancer were adopted this incision in differentoperation procedure, and out of them 41 patients were taken different operation on hepatic and cholecysticlesions and place a catheter or pump to hepatic artery or portal vein. Operators feel that the incision dose nothinder exploring and operating in all of the patients.CONCLUSION The right lower paramedian incision of abdomen is far away from the artificial colotomy,and it can reduce the feces contamination, lower down the rate of incision hernia and paramedian hernia orfistula. Furthermore, it is easy to treat the complicated hepatic and cholecystic lesion. So, authors suggestthat this incision is useful for the operation of rectal cancer, and it is worth to populize in clinical practice.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To investigate the effects of low dosage of nitric oxide synthesis (NOS) inhibitor NG-nitro-L-argininemethyl ester (L-NAME) in long-term treatment on hyperdynamic circulatory state in rats with cirrhosis.METHODS Cirrhosis model was induced in male SD rats by injection of 60% CC14 oily solutionsubcutaneously. Cirrhotic rats were treated with L-NAME (0.5 mg·kg-1·d-1) by gavage for two weeks. Meanarterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), splanchnic vascular resistance (SVR),splanchnic blood flow (SBF) and serum NO levels were determinded in L-NAME-treated, L-NAME-untreated cirrhotic rats and controls by using 57Co-Labled microsphere technique and a fluorometric assay,respectively.RESULTS Untreated cirrhotic rats had significantly lower MAP, SVR and higher PP, CO, CI, SBF andNO concentration than controls ( 14.42±0,47 kPa vs 17.05±0.34 kPa, 2.974±0.186 kPa·mL-1·min-1 vs4.234±0.118 kPa·mL-1·min-1, 1.665±0.067 kPa vs 1.123±0.096 kPa, 189.99±9.26 mL/min vs 135.5±3.55 mL/min, 55.89±1.82 mL-1·min-1·100g-1 BW vs 39.68±1.64 mL-1·min-1·100g-1 BW, 4.60±1.25μmol/L vs 0.53±0.26 μmol/L, P<0.01, respectively). In treated cirrhotic rats, L-NAME significantlyattenuated the increase of CO, CI, SBF, NO concentration and the decrease of MAP and SVR. In treatedcirrhotic rats, L-NAME induced a marked decrement of NO concentration than untreated cirrhotic rats(1.471 ±0.907 μmol/L vs 4.204±1.253 μmol/L, P<0.01).CONCLUSION The endogenous NO may play an important role in the changes of hemodynamics pattern incirrhosis,and hyperdynamic circulatory state in rats with cirrhosis can be ameliorated by long-term low doseL-NAME treatment.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To observe the therapeutic effect of weile jiaonang (WLJN) for peptic ulcer (PU) and its toxicity toanimals, and to find out the nontoxic Chinese medicines in replacing those chemical medicines with sideeffect.METHODS Five hundred and forty patients with PU were divided into three groups, therapeutic group byWLJN, control group taking famotidine and combined group with WLJN and famotidine. One hundred andeighty patients in each group were studied. The diagnosis of 540 patients with PU is in accordance with thebasis provided by the National Scientific Congress of Digestive System Disease convened in Hangzhou, 1978.The study followed the criterion provided by this Congress.RESULTS Total effective rate in therapeutic group was 93.3%, and 93.3% in control group. Combinedgroup achieved a total effective rate of 100%. For all three groups, there was no significant differencestatistically, but the control group appeared obvious side effects. The result of acute toxic experiments onwhite mice showed that there no death and toxic side effect even the highest dosage was given, which wasequivalant to 120 times to the dosage of patients. The result of chronic toxic experiment showed there was noobvious pathologic change in three dosed groups. The tails of mice in dosed groups were more smooth delicateand cleaner than those in control group.CONCLUSION Through observation in clinic and exprimental animal, it is proved that weilejiaonang isparticularly effective and safe Chinese patent drug against PU.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To investigate the protective effects and mechanism of Diltiazem (Dil) on liver, pancreas and smallintestine in hemorrhagic-shock canine.METHODS The canines were bled to a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 5.33kPa-6.67kPa for 30min toestablish the shock model. During the shock state, the dogs received either water-soluble calcium blocker Dilor saline solution. The MAP was kept at this level for 90min, then the total blood which was bled previouslywas reperfused. The total observation time of the experiment was 240min.RESULTS Dil could significantly increase MAP from 150min to 240min (P<0.01) and the activity ofsuperoxide dismutase (SOD) of pancreas tissue (P<0.01), and it could also decrease the content ofmalondialdehyde (MDA) in liver, pancreas and small intestine tissues (P< 0.01) and the activity of SOD ofthe liver and small intestinal tissues (P<0.01) in the canines. Electron microscopic data indicated that theultrastructures of liver, pancreas and small intestine tissues were normal in Dil group.CONCLUSION Dil can protect the structure and function of the liver, pancreas and small intestinal inhemorrhagic-shock canine.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

The current established drugs used to treat inflammatory bowel disease include glucocorticoids includingnewer agent budesonide, sulfasalazine and 5-ASA compounds such as Asacol, Pentasa, Dipentum andBalsalazide and immunomodulatory agents such as azathioprine, and 6-mercaptopurine. Additional drugswhich have been found to be useful, particularly in refractory cases of Crohn's disease including fistulizingtype of Crohn's disease, include cyclosporine A, methotrexate, humanized antibody against TNFa(cA2),FK506, IL-10, IL-11 and Probiotics. Various agents, whether used alone or in combination, have to betailored for each patient and none is ideal. Exciting new developments directed against proinflammatorypathways, cytokines, free oxygen radicals and cell surface related immune targets are areas of intense recentinvestigations and many novel therapeutic agents are expected to be available in the near future for medicaltreatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To explore the method to prolong the survival of patients with postoperative rectal cancer and toprevent its recurrence.METHODS To analyze the reasons of recurrence after curative resections for rectal cancer of 399 patients.RESULTS Ninety out of 399 patients who received curative excision died of relapse of the tumor. Pelvicrecurrence was found in most of the patients followed by liver and pulmonany metastasis. The survival timein Dukes A was the longest and in Dukes C the shortest. The survival period was 12 months longer, in thepatients receiving pre-operative radiotherapy than that did not. Inadequate excision of the primary tumor orthe draining lymph nodes was the main cause for local recurrence.CONCLUSION Adequate surgery and adjuvant therapy are the most effective methods to prolong thesurvival of patients with postoperative rectal cancer and to prevent its recurrence.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To substantiate the therapeutic effects of carbonate buffer mixture on naturally occurringgastrointestinal atony in cattle.METHODS Therapeutic effects of carbonate buffer mixture (Na2CO350 g, NaHCO3420 g, KCI 20 g, NaC1100 g, water 10 L) were observed in 120 cases of gastrointestinal atony including forestomach atony, rumenimpaction, rumen acidosis, omasum impaction and intestinal constipation. Judgement of curative effects ascure: after treated, the cases become clinically normal in general conditions, appetite, rumination, ruminalperistalsis and defecation; uncure: after giving two doses, the gasto-intestinal atony has not been eliminated.RESULTS Average cure rate of carbonate buffer mixture on above-mentioned diseases were 95%, andaverage dose was 1.4±0.5.CONCLUSION Being a new approach for treatment of gastrointestinal atony in ruminants, the carbonatebuffer mixture can eliminate the gastrointestinal atony originated from the over acidity in gastrointestinalcanal.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM We have discovered that Limonene modulates interdigestive myoelectrical complexes (IMCs) ofgastrointestinal tract in rats. In this research we will elucidate weather limonene affects acetylcholine M-receptor in caudate nucleus.METHODS Changes of IMCs were studied after limonene and/or atropine were microinjected into caudatenucleus. IMCs were recorded by a RM-6200 four-channel recorder and then delivered to Maclab and PowerMacintosh.RESULTS The active phases of IMCs occupied about 40% of total cycle in average. After microinjection oflimonene into caudate nucleus, the active phases were significantly shortened, while the cycle time of IMCswere not changed significantly. The inhibitory effects of limonene were abolished by pretreatment withatropine, whilst the atropine has no effect on IMCs.CONCLUSION It is suggested that limonene inhabits the gastrointestinal IMCs by affecting M-receptor incaudate nucleus.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To observe the predictive value of gastric intramucosal pH (pHi) for critical patients.METHODS The gastric intramucosal pH (pHi) of 32 ICU patients was measured with a self-madegastrointestinal tonometer, and the APACHE l score was determined simultaneously.RESULTS pHi of the nonsurvivors was significantly lower than that of the survivors (P<0.05). The pHiwas remarkably higher in the nonsepsis group than in the sepsis group (P<0.01). Only in multiple organfailure groups, pHi was found statistically lower (P<0.05).CONCLUSION pHi may be the most simple, reliable, sensitive and accurate parameter to indicate theadequacy of tissue oxygenation, and it may be widely used in ICU monitoring in near future.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To evaluate the pharmacological effect of phosphorus-32 glass microspheres (32p-GMS) injected intothe implanted human liver cancer cell mass in nude mice.METHODS Fifty-two Balb/c tumor loaded nude mice were allocated into treatment group (n =38) andcontrol group (n = 14), in the former group different doses of 32p-GMS were injected into the tumor mass,while in the latter group 31 P-GMS or no treatment were given instead of 32 P-GMS. After dynamicallyobserving the growth of tumor for d 3 - d 28, the experimental animals were killed in batches, the tumor andits nearby tissues were examined by light and electronic microscopy.RESULTS In comparing with the control group, the treatment group showed the tumor inhibiting rates of59.7% -93.6% (Variance analysis of the mean weight of different doses and control group after square rootcorrection, F= 579.62, P<0.01). As the tumor mass attained the absorbed dose of 7320Gy, the tumor cellswere completely destroyed and at this maximal dose in one case, the epithelial tissue neighboring to this massshowed the signs of metaplasia. When the absorbed doses ranged from 1830Gy to 3660Gy, most of the tumorcells showed the evidences of injury or necrosis, and some well differentiated tumor cells appeared. As theabsorbed dose being 366Gy or less, some tumor cells remained in active proliferative stage with a lot offibroblasts and lymphocytes presented in the neighboring interstitial tissues.CONCLUSION When the experimental model of implanted human liver cancer cells received 32p-GMS of1830Gy-3660Gy, it produces excellent anticancer action without any injury to the normal neighboringtissues and the prominent anticancer effect is found within d 3 after intratumor injection.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To construct an expression vector for anti-HBsAg antibody Fab fragment and interferon-aA (IFN-aA)fusion protein in E. coli.METHODS With PCR and molecular clone techniques, we amplified the gene fragment of IFN-aA withcorresponding endonuclease sites and artificial linker at 5', 3' termini, and then formed pHS/IFN-aA byrecombining it within the vector in correct endonuclease sites, choosing the positive clone to transform intoE. coli and intoduced by IPTG to express the fusion protein.RESULTS Enzymic hydrolysis and DNA sequence measurement confirmed that human gene of IFN-aA wascorrectly cloned to the vector and could express fusion protein in E. coli.CONCLUSION The success in construction and expression of a fusion protein makes it possible to carry outfurther studies on its purification and targeted polypeptide therapy to HB virus.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To prepare 5-fluorouracil solid lipid nanoparticles (5-FuE-SLN) with liver targeting.METHODS 5-Fu was employed as model drug to acylate with stearyl chloride and obtain 5-Fu precurser N1-stearyl-5-Fu (5-FuE). The precurser was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and infraredspectrometry and used to prepare 5-FuE-SLN by the method of physical agglomeration. TransmissionElectron Microscopy (TEM) was employed to study the shape, mean size and particle distribution of 5-FuE-SLN. The drug loading, and releasing characteristics in vitro, the drug distribution and pharmacokinetics invivo were also investigated by HPLC method.RESULTS The average diameter was 240.19nm, and the drug loading was 20.53%. The releasingcharacteristics in vitro was fitted to first-order pharmacokinetic model. The distribution of 5-FuE-SLN inmice showed that 5-FuE-SLN had significant liver targeting being compared with 5-Fu injection. Theconcentration of 5-FuE-SLN group in mice liver was double over that of control group. The mainpharmacokinetics parameters in rabbits were as follows: Vc = 0.04336 L·kg-1, T1/2β- 1.2834 h, CL =0.1632 L·h-1CONCLUSION 5-FuE-SLN has the characteristic of liver targeting. Using 5-Fu precurser to enhance itsliposoluble properties and the method of preparation presented in this paper seems to have significantadvantages and important reference value.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To study the expression of cathepsin B in gastric carcinoma and its relationship with pathologic type.METHODS The cathepsin B expression in 54 specimens of human gastric adenocarcinoma was studied byimmunohistochemistry.RESULTS The cathepsin B expression was detected in 33/54 (61.1%) specimens of human gastriccarcinoma and in 3/54 (5.6%) of normal tissue (P<0.01). There was no obvious correlation between theexpression of cathepsin B and pathologic type of gastric adenocarcinoma.CONCLUSION There is a high expression of cathepsin B in human gastric adenocarcinoma.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期

AIM To investigate the therapeutic effect of TNF gene transfected LAK cells on ascitic liver carcinoma-bearing mice.METHODS TNF gene was transfected into murine LAK cells by retrovirus. Low dose TNF gene-transfectcdLAK cells and IL-2 were i.p. injected into murine model. Cytotoxicity of gene transfected LAK cells wasstudied in vitro growth and the survival time of murine model was observed.RESULTS TNF gene-transfected LAK cells secreted higher level of TNF than that of normal LAK cells orcontrol gene-transfected LAK ceils. The in vitro growth ability and cytotoxicity of TNF gene-transfectedLAK cells were markedly inhibited by anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies. Significant therapeutic effect onascitic liver carcinoma-bearing mice was achieved.CONCLUSION TNF gene-transfected LAK cells have therapeutic effect on ascitic liver carcinoma-bearingmice.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第03期