It has been reported in many studies that electroacupuncture (EA) can positively regulate erythrocytic immunity and T-lymphocytic subgroups[1-8].Nevertheless, its mechanism remains to be explored. In the present study, a multi-group, multi-stepped and multiindexed observation was conducted on the effects of EA on erythyrocytic immunity and T-lymphocytic subgroups. A simultaneous assay of the changes in immunoreactivesubstance-P (ir-SP) content in the pituitary gland and peripheral blood was also carried out. The objective of the study was to investigate the regulatory effects of the immune system and their possible mechanism in the treatment of relevant diseases with EA.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第04期

The use of laser energy to weld biological tissues and produce sutureless anastomosis has its advantages over conventional silk-sutured anastomosis since it was reported in small vessels[1] and fallopian tubes[2], in the late 1970s. Since then, more investigators have welded a larger variety of tissues[3-13] and have expanded its application to welding trials of entertomies of rabbit and rat small intestine[14-17] Sauer et al[18] reported results from Nd: YAG laser in reconstruction of end-to-end welding in rabbit small intestine. Recently, controlled temperature during YAG and argon laser-assisted welding of entertomies of rabbit and rat was implemented to eliminate exponential increases in the rate of denaturation associated with rapidly increasing temperature[19，20]. Yet there was no report of sutureless end-to-end bowel anastomosis using low-power CO2 laser. This is a report of a circumferential end-to-end laser welding bowel anastomosis in rabbit by using 3 different CO2 laser powers to explore the feasibility of CO2 laser welding of a circumferential intestinal tissue and to determine the optimal laser-welding parameter. Then the appropriate CO2 laser power was chosen to weld bowels in rabbit and its long-term healing effect was evaluated.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第04期

Hepatitis G virus (HGV),also known as GB virus C, is a recently cloned virus which may be associated with human non A-E hepatitis[1，2] It is parenterally transmitted and usually coinfected or superinfected with hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus[3-5]. Some investigations have been reported on the seroprevalence and molecular prevalence of HGV infection in different areas and different population[6-15]. Current infection of HGV is diagnosed by detection of HGV RNA, and past infection with HGV is detectable by testing anti-HGV envelope protein (E2)[16-17]. To investigate the prevalence of HGV in Hubei Province, a central area of the People's Republic of China, ELISA and RT-PCR were employed to detect serum anti-HGV and HGV RNA in 1516 patients who were divided into 16 groups.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第04期

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) consists of a complex system of tubules, lamellae, and flattened vesicles, and has a variety of morphologies in different cells. It is believed to play a central role in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, phospholipids, steroids, prostaglandins, membrane and secretory proteins[1]. Cancer cells have different functions and ultrastmcture from their original cells[2-4]. The studies on ER membrane system of cancer cells are of great significance in understanding their malignant behavior. In the present work, the ultrastructural characteristics of ER in human colorectal carcinoma cell lines with different differentiation degrees were investigated.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第04期

The last two decades of the twentieth century have witnessed increasingly successful rates of liver transplantation. The number of liver transplantations has increased steadily while the number of organ donors has remained relatively constant. Thus a great disparity has developed between the demand and supply of donor organs and remains a major limiting factor for further expansion of liver transplantation. Although many procedures, such as split liver[1] , living-related transplantation[2] , and xenotransplantation[3], have been attempted clinically to overcome the shortage, it is hoped that livers harvested from non-heart-beating donors (NHBDs) would alleviatethe problem of organ shortage, which again becomes the focus of attention[4-9]. However, sensitivity of the liver to warm ischemia remains a major worry for use of theNHBDs. The aim of this animal study was to assess if murine liver could tolerate prolonged period of warm ischemia and to determine the optimum timing of intervention in the cadaver donor in order to preserve liver viability.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第04期

The main reason for the death of the patient with acute hemorrhage necrosis pancreatitis (AHNP) is pancreatic infection and multi-organ failure caused by endotoxemia and intestinal bacterial translocation[1-7]. However, the pathogenesis of endotoxemia and intestinal bacterial translocation remains a question[8-10]; moreover, no effective method of prevention and cure for it has been found till now[11 -15] In the present study, we infused low dose dopamine and low molecular weight dextran through the catheters to abdominal aorta and portal vein, and observed its influence on the endotoxin concentration in plasma and the rate of translocation of intestinal bacteria in AHNP rats.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第04期

Of the three cardinal manifestations of chronic pancreatitispain, diabetes mellitus and steatorrhea, it is pain that brings the patient to the physician and is the most difficult to manage. The intractabale pain that is quite debilitating disrupts lifestyle and leads to functional incapacity, drug and alcohol dependency, and a drug-seeking behavior that occasionally might push the desperate patient to suicidal tendency. Painless CP is an exception that has been observed in nearly 5% to 10% of patients with all forms of chronic pancreatitis. Lack of pain is also a feature of the late onset idiopathic CP.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第04期

Helicobacter pylori is recognized as a cause of chronic active gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and gastric cancer, though the mechanisms of pathogenesis for H. pylori-associated diseases are not yet well understood[1 -4] The ecological niche to which H. pylori is well-adapted is the mucous layer of the human gastric antrum, which has mucin glycoproteins as major constituents. Mucins, highmolecular weight carbohydrate-rich glycoproteins that coat the surface of the stomach and are secreted into the lumen, function to protect the stomach and could be important in H. pylori colonization. For further understanding the pathogenesis of H. pylori-related diseases, it is important to consider whether H. pylori colonization of the surface epithelium is associated, as cause or effect, with changes in the gastric mucin synthesized by surface mucous cells.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第04期

DEFINITIONAcute diarrhoea is defined as passage of loose or watery stools at least three times in a 24 h period. When loose stools contain blood, it is called bloody diarrhoea (dysentery). It is the consistency of the stools which is most important rather than the frequency. Breast-fed babies often pass “pasty” stools frequently which is not diarrhoea. The mother can often tell accurately whether child has diarrhoea or not. MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEMAcute diarrhoea is an important cause of mortality and morbidity particularly in young children in the developing countries. Of the 11.6 million deaths among children less than five years old in all developing countries (1995) due to infectious diseases, 19% deaths are attributed to diarrhoeah]. In 1993, an estimated 3.2 million children below five years of age died from diarrhoea alone; 80 % of these deaths occurred in the first two years of life[2].

作者： 刊期： 2000年第04期

作者： 刊期： 2000年第04期

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori ) is a major causativebacterium of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer and mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in humans, and associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer[1 -8]. An important virulant factor of H. pylori is the vacuolating cytotoxin ( VacA ) encoded by vacA that induces cytoplasmic vacuolation in target cells both in vitro and in vivo[9-11]. VacA is produced as a 140 kDa precursor which contains an N-terminal signal peptide and an approximately 33 kDa C-terminal outer membrance exporter. The precursor is cleaved at both N-terminal and C-terminal and secreted into the extracellular milieu as a 95 kDa mature protein. The mature protein futher undergoes specific cleavage to yield 37 kDa and 58 kDa subunits[12-14] Although vacA is present in all H. pylori strains, only about 50% to 60% of strains can induce vacuolation of epithelial cells as assessed by the HeLa cell assay. vacA shows considerable genetic variation in H. pylori isolated from all over the world and contains at least two variable regions. The s region exists as sl or s2 allelic types. Among type sl strains, subtypes sla and slb have been identified. The m region occurs as ml or m2 allelic types. Specific vacA genotype of H. pylori strains are associated with the production of the cytotoxin in vitro, epithelial damage in vivo, and clinical consequences[15-27]. The other virulant factor is the cytotoxin-associated protein (CagA) encoded by the cytotoxin-associated gene (cagA). The cagA gene is present in about 60% to 70% of strains and all of these strains express the cagA. The presence of cagA is also associated with the production of the cytotoxin in vitro, and clinical outcome[24-30]. The aim of this study was (i) to identify vacA genotypes and cagA status of H. pylori isolated from Chinese patients; (ii) to evaluation the relatioship beween vacA genotypes, cagA status and related gastroenterological disorders.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第04期

The mites found in stored food and house comprise a large group of subclass Acari, belonging to the suborder Acardida of the order Acarifornes. They can be found in dust and vacuum samples from floors, furniture, mattresses, Chinese herbal medicine, dry fruit, grain, flour, sugar, and bedding. These mites are nidicolous and feed on organic debris, including sloughed human skin, fungi, spilled food, pollen, etc. These mites are particularly prevalent in Chinese herbal medicine, dry fruit, grain, flour, sugar, beds, though carpeted floors near beds or couches may also have large numbers. The most common species are Acarus siro, Tyrophagus putrescentiae , Dermatophagoides farinae , D . pteronyssinus, Glycyphagus domesticus, G. Ornatus, Carpoglyphus lactis and Tarsonemus granarius, etc. The viability of mites in storage is quite strong and they can invade and parasitize the intestines of humans[1 -15]. They can cause pulmonary acariasis[16-25] , urinary acariasis[26-33] and so on. The dejecta of mites is a quite strong allergen and can cause different allergic diseases[34-44]. Intestinal acariasis can be caused by some mites related to the way of diet intake and invading against intestinal mucosa, intestinal muscle[45-5a]. The first report of intestinal acariasis caused by these mites was made by Hinman et al (1934)[45]. From then on, all kinds of studies on the disease have been reported gradually. In order to make an epidemiological survey of intestinal acariasis the investigation of the disease was taken in some areas of Anhui Province from 1989 to 1996.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第04期

Stomach carcinoma is still the leading cause of cancer death in China and the second one in the world. Its possible causes include: A) chemical factors such as intragastric formation of N-nitroso compounds (NOC) and high salt intake; B ) biological factors such as infection of Helicobacter pylori and biotoxins intake; and C ) nutritional factors such as deficiency of vitamin C, selenium, and other antioxidants. Nitrogenous precursors of NOC, e.g., alkylamines, alkylureas, alkylguanidines, and alkylamides, occur widely in nature and potential nitrosating agents, e.g., nitrite (NO2-) and NOx (the gaseous oxides of nitrogen ) are similarly widespread. Relationship between exposure to NOC and causes of human cancer was investigated extensively ten years ago. Results indicated that the exposures of NOC might contribute to the occurrences of malignancy in the upper digestive tracts including stomachs. It was also observed that both high salt intake and deficiency of some micronutrients enhanced NOC-induced carcinogenicity. Recent studies show that infection of H. pylori can lead to atrophic gastritis and achlorhydria, and promote endogenous formation of NOC indirectly[1] . Much attention has been paid to stomach cancer and NOC regarding the characterization of natural N-nitrosamides in human environment in the 1990s.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第04期

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in China. To date, surgery is still the best solution to it. However, metastatic recurrences after curative hepatic resections are very common. Tang et al have reported that recurrence rate within 5 years of curative hepatic resection is 61.5% [1]. As curative hepatic resection has a high tendency for metastatic recurrence, therapeutic interventions such as transarterial embolization and antiangiogenesis have been tried to further improve prognosis of HCC patients. Therefore, establishing a dependable, sensitive, easy, and economical method to predict metastatic recurrence following curative hepatic resection is of clinical urgency.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第04期

AIM To evaluate a culture system for bile acid formation in primary human hepatocytes in comparison with HepG2 cells. METHODS Hepatocytes were isolated from normal human liver tissue and were cultured in serum-free William's E medium. The medium was collected and renewed every 24 h. Bile acids and their precursors in media were finally analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Cholic acid ( CA ) andchenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) conjugated with glycine or taurine accounted for 70% and 25% of total steroids. A third of CDCA was also conjugated with sulphuric acid. Dexamathasone and thyroid hormorm alone or in combination did not significantly effect bile acid formation. The addition of cyclosporin A (10 μmol/L) inhibited the synthesis of CA and CDCA by about 13% and 30%, respectively. CONCLUSION Isolated human hepatocytes in primary culture behave as in the intact liver by converting cholesterol to conjugated CA and CDCA. This is in contrast to cultured HepG2 cells, which release large amounts of bile acid precursors and unconjugated bile acids into the medium.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第04期

AIM Several triggering receptors have been described to be involved in natural killer (NK) cellmediated target cytotoxicity. In these studies, NK cells derived from blood or spleen were used. Pit cells are liver-specific NK cells that possess a higher level of natural cytotoxicity and a different morphology when compared to blood NK cells. The aim of this study was to characterize the role of the NK-triggering molecules NKR-P1A, ANK61 antigen, and CD45 in pit cell-mediated killing of target cells. METHODS 51 Cr-release and DNA fragmentation were used to quantify target cell lysis and apoptosis, respectively. RESULTS Flow cytometric analysis showed that pit cells expressed CD45, NKR-P1A, and ANK61 antigen. Treatment of pit cells with monoclonal antibody ( mAb ) to CD45 ( ANK74 ) not only inhibited CC531s or YAC-1 target lysis but also apoptosis induced by pit cells. The mAbs to NKRP1A (3.2.3) and ANK61 antigen (ANK61) had no effect on pit cell-mediated CC531s or YAC-1 target cytolysis or apoptosis, while they did increase the Fcγ receptor positive (FcγR+) P815 cytolysis and apoptosis. This enhanced cytotoxicity could he inhibited by 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin, an inhibitor of granzymes. CONCLUSION These results indicate that CD45 participates in pit cell-mediated CC531s and YAC-1 target cytolysis and apoptosis. NKR-P1A and ANK61 antigen on pit cells function as activation structures against FcγR+ P815 cells, which was mediated by the perforin/granzyme pathway.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第04期

Site-specific delivery of therapeutic drugs to their target cells is a major scientific challenge for the pharmaceutical sciences. It offers a number of advantages over conventional drug administration. With drug targeting, high local concentrations of the drug can be achieved, thus circumventing many unwanted side effects. Various carriers have been suggested for the delivery of drugs, including liposomes[1 - 5] and (neo ) glycoproteins[6-8]. The asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) has frequently been utilized for targeting drugs to the parenchymal liver cell[6- 12]. Liposomes have several advantageous characteristics as drug carrier, and particularly, ligandtacked liposomes achieve a highly effective targeting[13]. Hara et al reported that asialofetuin (AF)-tacked liposomes distributed to rat hepatocytes selectively in vivo[14], and ASGP-R mediated the uptake of AF-liposomes encapsulating IFN-γ by isolated rat hepatocytes in vitro[15]. Lactosaminated human serum albumin (L-HSA) is a neoglycoprotein taking number of galactose residue as terminal sugar[6].

作者： 刊期： 2000年第04期

major function of the intestinal epithelium is to control the amount of fluid entering into and being absorbed from the lumen[1]. In healthy conditions, net fluid movement follows an absorptive vector, although significant secretion also takes place to subserve digestive function. Thus, the secretion of fluid, driven by the active secretion of electrolytes, is important for maintaining the fluidity of intestinal contents during various stages of digestion and thereby allowing for diffusion of enzymes and nutrients. In the setting of disease, dysregulation of intestinal transport mechanisms may alter the balance between absorptive and secretory processes such that secretion predominates, leading to the clinical consequence of diarrhea. However, under conditions of both health and disease, fluid secretion is driven largely by the active secretion of chloride ions. Thus, there are both basic and clinical reasons for wishing to gain a full understanding of the basis and regulation of this transport process. The goal of my article, therefore, will be to review our understanding of intestinal chloride secretion and the ways in which it is regulated. Recent insights in this area enhancing our ability to intervene in diseases where chloride secretion is over-expressed, such as infectious and inflammatory diarrheal illnesses will also be discussed. This article will also cover the implications of intestinal secretory mechanisms for a genetic disease where chloride secretion is under-expressed, namely cystic fibrosis, where significant intestinal dysfunction, including obstruction and malabsorption,may also ensue.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第04期

The principle of surgical treatment for gastric cancer is the radical resectioning although the suitable resecting range for different cases of gastric cancer is still being argued upon[1-9]. However, the diagnostic accuracy of early gastric cancer (EGC) without lymphatic metastasis has obviously improved with an improvement in the diagnostic technique and due to the accumulation of knowledge on the biological profiles of EG C[10-17]. The D2 lymph node excision was used as a regular operation to treat the EGC previously. But the concept for the EGC without lymphatic metastasis has gradually changed and the less invasive resections has been applied in some cases[18-20]. This study aimed at investigating the risk factors of lymphatic metastasis in EGC in order to find out the proofs for the suitable indications for less invasive operations such as endoscopic mucosal resectioning (EMR), laparoscopic and laparotomic resectioning.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第04期

AIM To compare the effects of liposomes and glyco-poly-L-lysine on liver targeted uptake and expression of plasmid in rat liver. METHODS After binding with lipofectamine or galactose-terminal glyco-poly- L-lysine, the plasmid could be expressed in eukaryotic cells when injected into Wistar rats by intravenous route. At different time intervals after the injection, the distribution and expression of the plasmid in liver of rats were observed and compared using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The expression of the plasmid binding to liposomes or G-PLL could be markedly observed 24 h later, and began to decrease one week later, but it still could be observed up to three weeks. Both liposomes and G-PLL could deliver the plasmid to the liver effectively, but the effect of the latter was better than the former concerning the distribution and expression of the plasmid targeted uptake in the liver. CONCLUSION G-PLL is better than liposome as the targeted carrier for delivering exogenous genes to the liver.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第04期