张朝；于宗富
Western psychotherapeutic approaches have been introduced into China in the past two decades, but the problem of how to integrate these methods meaningfully with the Chinese culture remains. This article shows the author's view that psychotherapists should understand a client's presenting problem on three levels during interviewing with the client. Sexual desire is viewed as a core intra-conflict of the client, covered up by relevant life experiences (e.g. love affair) and mental symptoms (e.g. anxiety, depression). The therapeutic process conducted by a therapist consists of: 1) to clarify symptom manifestations and make a diagnosis in accordance with the client's complaints; 2) to understand the client's life experiences and love affairs and to respond with empathy; and 3) to interpret the core intra-conflict and the relationships between the symptoms and the covert sexual desire. Three cases presented here illustrate the process of therapeutic interactions proposed.
作者：季建林 刊期： 2002年第01期
Objective: To understand psychological factors involved in erectile dysfunction. Methods: The erectile dysfunction rating scale (EDRS), State-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), and sexual psychological questionnaire (self-designed) were administered to 74 cases (30 psychogenic ED patients and 44 normal control objects).Results: High levels of sexual performance anxiety were found to affect patients' self-evaluation and coping responses. Sexual performance anxiety, deficient sexual sensitivity and poor communication techniques were the major contributing factors of psychogenic erectile dysfunction.Conclusion: Sexual performance anxiety constitutes a significant factor of erective dysfunction.
作者：刘明矾 刊期： 2002年第01期
Objective: To conduct a comparative analysis on children with the latest Draw-A-Person Test (DAPT, Hangzhou norm). Methods: DAPT was administered to 1837 children aged from 7 to 12 in different regions for comparison. Results: As compared to the Hangzhou norm of DAPT, the total scores among children in different cities showed no significant differences. However, reliable difference was found between children in urban and rural areas. Conclusion: Children in urban and rural areas showed significant difference in intelligence as assessed by DAPT.
作者：朱倩云；傅根耀 刊期： 2002年第01期
Objective:To explore the time course of memory recovery during post-traumatic amnesia after brain injury.Methods: A patient (WGS, aged 34) with lesions in the left temporal lobe was compared with four matched control subjects on various cognitive tests. These tests included Galveston Orientation and Amnesia test, Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Test, Semantic Memory, and Remote Memory Test. WGS was tested at 20th days and 33rd days after the brain injury. Results: During the period of post-traumatic amnesia, marked recovery was observed for orientation, semantic memory and remote memory (especially the recent and the earlier items). While the recovery of learning for new knowledge was slow, learning curve of association of unrelated items was flat.Conclusion: The differential time courses for recovery of cognitive functions should be well considered in rehabilitative training after traumatic brain injury.
作者：杨炯炯；尹岭；张亚旭；周晓林 刊期： 2002年第01期
Objective:To study mental health status and personality of patients with cirrhosis, for examining the role of psychological factors in the genesis and development of the illness.Methods: Mental health status and personality of patients with cirrhosis were assessed by Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90)and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). Results: Except for Interpersonal Sensitivity (IS) and Psychosis (P), factor scores of SCL were found to be significantly higher in patients with cirrhosis when compared to controls (P<0.01), especially for Somatization (S), Obsessive-Compulsion (OC), Anxiety (A) and Depression (D). Neuroticism score of EPQ in patients with cirrhosis were also significantly higher than that in controls (P<0.01). Conclusion: Mental health status of patients with cirrhosis was shown to be poor, as characterized by greater emotional distress and poorer regulatory control over environmental stress. The higher Neuroticism score of EPQ indicated higher levels of emotional instability and mental irritability among patients with cirrhosis, which should be addressed by appropriate psychological interventions for better clinical outcomes.
作者：刘志霞；郭克峰；郎红娟 刊期： 2002年第01期
目的:观察松静状态对心脏功能的潜在作用.方法:选择自愿参加者103 名,以心率和ST-T波为指标,在诱导被试进入短时放松入静状态后,采用电脑型8110K心电图机,连续观察自我暗示对心率和ST-T波的影响.结果:放松入静状态下,心脏对自我暗示的敏感性明显增加,不仅心率可随自我暗示升降,一些异常的ST-T波也得到明显的改善.结论:放松入静是自我暗示(或意念)调节心脏功能的重要背景(或基础),研究结果有益于设计一些非药物疗法以辅助治疗(或康复)某些心血管疾病.
作者：曹红；帅建中；黄建平；杨振刚 刊期： 2002年第01期
Objective: To evaluate psychological functions of patients with silent cerebral infarction (SCI). Methods: MMSE WMS, SDS, Finger-Tapping Test and Test of Sensory-perceptual Dysfunctions in Halstead Reitan Battery Revised in China were administered to 38 SCI patients identified by CT or MRI, and compared with 30 control subjects.Results: Total score of MMSE in SCI patients did not differ significantly from control subjects. MQ and subtests score of WMS in SCI patients were significantly lower. Finger-Tapping Test and sensory-Perceptual Test in SCI patients were also significantly lower. The positive rate and score of SDS in SCI patients were significantly higher. Conclusion: Significant neuropsychological problems of cognition, memory, fine motion, sensory-perception and emotion were found in SCI patients.
作者：肖军；周波；许飞；杨友松 刊期： 2002年第01期
Objective:This is a case study in which a 30-year-old male suffering from Examination Anxiety Disorder was treated by Eclectic Psychotherapy. Methods: Using Eclectic Psychotherapy, an approach that combines principles of Client Centeed Therapy, Cognitive Therapy, Rational Emotion Therapy (RET),and Behavior Therapy, the patient was treated for a total of 22 sessions.Results: The study showed obvious therapeutic effect for Eclectic Psychotherapy. The patient reported complete relief of his examination anxiety symptoms at conclusion of treatment. Follow-up by telephone at 1 month and 6 months after treatment showed that the patient remained stable and well.Conclusion: Eclectic Psychotherapy is an efficient way for treating symptoms of severe Examination Anxiety Disorder, both in terms of permanent cure and temporary relief.
作者：邓旭阳；何家声；郭晋林 刊期： 2002年第01期
目的:探索Back焦虑量表中文版(BAI)的心理测量学特性、常模分数及因子结构.方法:对189例被诊断患有焦虑症或忧郁症的香港精神科门诊病人进行问卷研究.结果:BAI的内部一致性相当良好,全量表(Cronbach α)系数为0.95,高的5 个百分等级之患者焦虑分数为39分或以上,探索因子分析及验证因子分析发现简单的两因子模型能适切地解释BAI的因子结构.结论:中文版BAI有良好的信度,而其因子结构中的两因子(生理反应因子及焦虑思想因子)不仅与原来的BAI两因子相似,也与认知行为理论对焦虑症的解释逻辑一致.
作者：郑健荣；黄炽荣；黄洁晶；庄香泉；王得宝；郑淑仪；黄秀英；陈乾元；吴基安 刊期： 2002年第01期
目的:编制适用于中国老年人的心理健康问卷.方法:根据心理健康内涵包括性格、情绪、适应、人际和认知五个方面的理论构想,建立包含58题的初试卷.在北京地区分层随机取样1100例55岁以上老年人为调查对象.结果:通过因素分析从58道题中筛选出50道题组成正式的老年心理健康问卷.对全量表和分量表的项目进行一致性检验,α系数为0.58～0.89,各分量表与所属题目及总分均存在显著的相关(P<0.001);因素分析证实了问卷的结构效度;问卷得分与流调中心抑郁量表得分、生活满意度、健康满意度、慢性疾病患病数和遭遇重大生活事件数等因素显著相关,不同群体心理健康状况的比较表明该问卷具有良好的实证效度.此外,还建立了北京城区老年人心理健康常模.结论:问卷编制符合心理测量学要求,已到达预期目的.
作者：吴振云；许淑莲；李娟 刊期： 2002年第01期
目的:探讨颈动脉粥样硬化对脑梗死患者认知功能及近期预后的影响.方法:对112 例脑梗死患者的颈动脉进行彩色多普勒超声检查,并对患者进行了简化智能状态量表(MMSE)、记忆力、计算力、注意力、反应速度、视空间等多项神经心理测验,同时对患者入院时、第3～4周的神经功能缺损进行评分(SSS).结果:脑梗死患者多项神经心理检测记分较健康对照组低,有颈动脉粥样硬化的脑梗死患者较无颈动脉粥样硬化的脑梗死患者记分低,以严重颈动脉粥样硬化及严重颈动脉狭窄的脑梗死患者降低为明显;颈动脉粥样硬化程度与认知功能障碍程度呈正相关.有颈动脉粥样硬化的脑梗死患者入院时SSS计分高于无颈动脉粥样硬化的脑梗死患者,近期预后差.结论:颈动脉粥样硬化可影响脑梗死患者的认知功能,有颈动脉硬化的脑梗死患者缺血性损伤严重,影响脑梗死患者的近期预后.
作者：易兴阳；余昌明；潘光强；张顺开 刊期： 2002年第01期
The abuse and dependence of opioids can seriously damage the users' health physically and psychologically. The authors reviewed the inhibitory effects of opioid on the immune system and related mechanisms involving cellular, humoral, and unspecific immune processes, which would cast light on the treatment of opioid-induced immunodeficiency and infectious diseases in clinical practice.
作者：姜美俊；郝伟 刊期： 2002年第01期
Objective: To study the role of school factors in depression of middle school students. Methods: CES-D, Teacher-Student Relationship Questionnaire, Scale for Assessing Peer and Study Achievement Questionnaire were administered to 500 students (grade 1 to grade 3) from three middle schools in Nanchong, Sichuan. Results: Depression was significantly correlated with teacher-student relationship and peer relationship. Chinese achievement was significantly correlated with loneliness and helplessness, despair and worthlessness, feeling of ability failing and bad moods, but not with physiological symptoms. Mathematical achievement was significantly related to despair and worthlessness, but not to loneliness and helplessness, feeling of ability failing and bad moods, or physiological symptoms. Regression analysis revealed negative emotion, positive emotion, support-help and Chinese achievement were significant predictors for depression of students. Conclusion: Better teacher-student relationship and peer relationship helped to reduce depression of middle school students.
作者：阳德华 刊期： 2002年第01期
Objective: To study the effect of parent's education on the early intellectual development of infants. Methods: A total of 3,000 infants in a general hospital were sampled and divided into three groups: 3-month-old, 6-month-old and 9-month-old. All of the infants were tested with DST. Results: The parent's education was shown to have a significant effect on the intellectual development of 6-month-old and 9-month-old infants. The better education the parents had, the brighter the infants were. Conclusions: The parent's education had significant effect on the baby's early intelligence development.
作者：张朝；于宗富 刊期： 2002年第01期
Objective: To examine correlations between MRI and cognitive changes associated with cerebral infarction. Methods: Using HDS-R and Senior Cognitive Scale, we assessed 101 patients with cerebral infarction during acute to rehabilitation phase. The results were compared with their MRI. Results: At 3 weeks after onset, cognitive impairment was found in 70.3% of the patients. At 6 months after onset, 10% recovered to normal, 35.6% improved, 22.8% worsened, and 42.5% met the criteria of dementia. During acute phase, infarction focus and leukoaraiosis (LA) were related to cognitive impairment P<0.05). During rehabilitation phase, cognitive impairment was related to LA.Conclusion:Cerebral infarcti on results in significant cognitive impairment. LA is the major cause of cognitive impairment associated with cerebral infarction in rehabilitation.
作者：徐晓云；高伟明；朱雯霞；沈伟文 刊期： 2002年第01期
目的:探讨MMSE的适用人群及影响因素.方法:通过随机整群分层抽样,对4921名55岁或以上的西安市城乡居民进行MMSE测查.分析MMSE在不同人群中的得分特征对痴呆的阳性预测值和分析影响MMSE得分的因素.结果:MMSE得分在不同年龄、不同文化程度、总体人群中都呈现负偏态,尖峭峰型分布.在年龄较轻(70岁以下)、文化程度偏高(初中或以上)的人群中偏态分布明显,痴呆的检出率较低;而在年龄偏大(70岁以上),文化程度偏低(小学及以下)的人群中接近正态分布,痴呆的检出率较高.年龄、性别、受教育年限、听力下降、日常生活能力对MMSE得分有显著影响. 结论:MMSE量表适用于年龄偏大(70岁以上),文化程度偏低(小学或以下)的人群,对痴呆的筛选能力大;而对于年龄偏小,文化程度偏高的人群,MMSE的鉴别筛选力较低.
作者：罗国刚；韩建峰；屈秋民；乔晋；杨剑波；武成斌；张辉；李正仪；杨华；邓美英；韩雪梅；赵松珍 刊期： 2002年第01期
Objective: To explore the characteristic of depression and its relationship with general self-efficacy and coping styles in delinquent teenagers. Methods: 228 delinquent teenagers in jail completed a battery of questionnaires consisted of General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Short Coping Style Scale (SCSS), and Center for Epidemiological, Depression Scale (CES-D).Results: Mean scores of depression of delinquent teenagers were found to be highly elevated. A total of 52.6% of the subjects showed depression. Depression as assessed by CES-D was found to correlate with General self-efficacy (r=-0.162) and Negative Coping Styles (r=0.177). No significant relationship was found between Positive Coping Styles and depression. Conclusion: Depression of delinquent teenagers was related to low self-efficacy and negative coping styles.
作者：王才康 刊期： 2002年第01期
目的:探讨有助于鉴别阿尔茨海默病的认知指标.方法:样本由正常老年组74 名,AD组和VD组各5 例,对每位研究对象实施MMSE以及记忆、思维、语言和空间认知功能测试.结果:不同组别之间比较显示,除在视觉再认得分上,组别之间无显著差异,其余均有明显差异;阿尔茨海默病患者和血管性痴呆患者在分类测验上,与正常老年组没有明显差异;阿尔茨海默病患者和血管性痴呆患者在各项得分上均无明显差异.结论:记忆、思维、语言、空间等认知项目能区分出痴呆患者与正常老年,但不能特异性地区别出阿尔茨海默病,需要研究更为细致的认知指标.
作者：陈图农；孙晨敏；杨杏梅 刊期： 2002年第01期
Objective: To investigate the contents and formats of health education needed by family members of hospitalized psychiatric patients. Methods: 116 family members of hospitalized psychiatric patients were interviewed with a self-designed inventory of health education. Results: Family members indicated poorest knowledge with respect to psychotherapeutic medication, strategies for preventing relapse, and management of family nursing. They also indicated the greatest need for knowledge in relation to effects and side-effects of psychotropic medication, monitoring of effects of psychotropic drugs, and measures to prevent relapse of mental illness. The most acceptable formats of health education were instructions by medical staff and recommendation for relevant reading materials.Conclusion: Mental health education should be based on the needs of patients' family members and be delivered in acceptable formats.
作者：罗薇；邓孟先 刊期： 2002年第01期
目的:研究我国职业人群的兴趣类型特点和职业兴趣调查表的实证效度.方法:采用职业兴趣调查表,对中学教师、工程师、会计、技术工人和医师5种职业人群共356人进行了测查,其中符合入组条件共249人.结果:中学教师在社会型分量表(S、VS、SS)得分较高.工程师和技术工人在实际型分量表R、VR和AR均得分较高,工程师SR和VI也得分较高.会计在与事务型有关分量表C、VC和AC分数较高.结论:工程师的技术工人的兴趣类型为实际型,中学教师为社会型,会计为事务型.职业兴趣调查表有较好的效标效度.
作者：刘少文；龚耀先 刊期： 2002年第01期
中国临床心理学杂志
主管:中华人民共和国教育部
主办：中国心理卫生协会
