陈图农；孙晨敏；杨杏梅
Objective: To investigate the contents and formats of health education needed by family members of hospitalized psychiatric patients. Methods: 116 family members of hospitalized psychiatric patients were interviewed with a self-designed inventory of health education. Results: Family members indicated poorest knowledge with respect to psychotherapeutic medication, strategies for preventing relapse, and management of family nursing. They also indicated the greatest need for knowledge in relation to effects and side-effects of psychotropic medication, monitoring of effects of psychotropic drugs, and measures to prevent relapse of mental illness. The most acceptable formats of health education were instructions by medical staff and recommendation for relevant reading materials.Conclusion: Mental health education should be based on the needs of patients' family members and be delivered in acceptable formats.
作者：罗薇；邓孟先 刊期： 2002年第01期
Objective: To compare the attitudes of doctors and nurses from different psychiatric hospitals on mental illness and its stigma experienced by mentally ill patients and their family members. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 102 doctors and 116 nurses from three psychiatric hospitals in Beijing with different mean lengths of admission and different proportions of chronic patients. Results: There was relatively little difference in the attitudes of nurses among the three hospitals, but doctors from the three centers differed significantly in their beliefs about the social worth of psychiatric patients, patients' level of violence and the need to restrict patients' social activities, as well as the effect of stigma on patients and their family members. These differences among physicians remained after adjusting for gender, age and level of education; this suggests that their attitudes were related to the types of patients they treated.Conclusion: The attitudes of doctors and to a lesser extent nurses on mental illness are affected by the duration of illness and level of social disability of the psychiatric patients they treat.
作者：徐东；费立鹏；许德广；邵贵忠；曾闽风 刊期： 2002年第01期
Objective:To study mental health status and personality of patients with cirrhosis, for examining the role of psychological factors in the genesis and development of the illness.Methods: Mental health status and personality of patients with cirrhosis were assessed by Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90)and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). Results: Except for Interpersonal Sensitivity (IS) and Psychosis (P), factor scores of SCL were found to be significantly higher in patients with cirrhosis when compared to controls (P<0.01), especially for Somatization (S), Obsessive-Compulsion (OC), Anxiety (A) and Depression (D). Neuroticism score of EPQ in patients with cirrhosis were also significantly higher than that in controls (P<0.01). Conclusion: Mental health status of patients with cirrhosis was shown to be poor, as characterized by greater emotional distress and poorer regulatory control over environmental stress. The higher Neuroticism score of EPQ indicated higher levels of emotional instability and mental irritability among patients with cirrhosis, which should be addressed by appropriate psychological interventions for better clinical outcomes.
作者：刘志霞；郭克峰；郎红娟 刊期： 2002年第01期
Objective: To examine correlations between MRI and cognitive changes associated with cerebral infarction. Methods: Using HDS-R and Senior Cognitive Scale, we assessed 101 patients with cerebral infarction during acute to rehabilitation phase. The results were compared with their MRI. Results: At 3 weeks after onset, cognitive impairment was found in 70.3% of the patients. At 6 months after onset, 10% recovered to normal, 35.6% improved, 22.8% worsened, and 42.5% met the criteria of dementia. During acute phase, infarction focus and leukoaraiosis (LA) were related to cognitive impairment P<0.05). During rehabilitation phase, cognitive impairment was related to LA.Conclusion:Cerebral infarcti on results in significant cognitive impairment. LA is the major cause of cognitive impairment associated with cerebral infarction in rehabilitation.
作者：徐晓云；高伟明；朱雯霞；沈伟文 刊期： 2002年第01期
Objective: To explore the characteristic of depression and its relationship with general self-efficacy and coping styles in delinquent teenagers. Methods: 228 delinquent teenagers in jail completed a battery of questionnaires consisted of General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Short Coping Style Scale (SCSS), and Center for Epidemiological, Depression Scale (CES-D).Results: Mean scores of depression of delinquent teenagers were found to be highly elevated. A total of 52.6% of the subjects showed depression. Depression as assessed by CES-D was found to correlate with General self-efficacy (r=-0.162) and Negative Coping Styles (r=0.177). No significant relationship was found between Positive Coping Styles and depression. Conclusion: Depression of delinquent teenagers was related to low self-efficacy and negative coping styles.
作者：王才康 刊期： 2002年第01期
目的:研究我国职业人群的兴趣类型特点和职业兴趣调查表的实证效度.方法:采用职业兴趣调查表,对中学教师、工程师、会计、技术工人和医师5种职业人群共356人进行了测查,其中符合入组条件共249人.结果:中学教师在社会型分量表(S、VS、SS)得分较高.工程师和技术工人在实际型分量表R、VR和AR均得分较高,工程师SR和VI也得分较高.会计在与事务型有关分量表C、VC和AC分数较高.结论:工程师的技术工人的兴趣类型为实际型,中学教师为社会型,会计为事务型.职业兴趣调查表有较好的效标效度.
作者：刘少文；龚耀先 刊期： 2002年第01期
目的:探索Back焦虑量表中文版(BAI)的心理测量学特性、常模分数及因子结构.方法:对189例被诊断患有焦虑症或忧郁症的香港精神科门诊病人进行问卷研究.结果:BAI的内部一致性相当良好,全量表(Cronbach α)系数为0.95,高的5 个百分等级之患者焦虑分数为39分或以上,探索因子分析及验证因子分析发现简单的两因子模型能适切地解释BAI的因子结构.结论:中文版BAI有良好的信度,而其因子结构中的两因子(生理反应因子及焦虑思想因子)不仅与原来的BAI两因子相似,也与认知行为理论对焦虑症的解释逻辑一致.
作者：郑健荣；黄炽荣；黄洁晶；庄香泉；王得宝；郑淑仪；黄秀英；陈乾元；吴基安 刊期： 2002年第01期
The abuse and dependence of opioids can seriously damage the users' health physically and psychologically. The authors reviewed the inhibitory effects of opioid on the immune system and related mechanisms involving cellular, humoral, and unspecific immune processes, which would cast light on the treatment of opioid-induced immunodeficiency and infectious diseases in clinical practice.
作者：姜美俊；郝伟 刊期： 2002年第01期
Objective: To understand psychological factors involved in erectile dysfunction. Methods: The erectile dysfunction rating scale (EDRS), State-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), and sexual psychological questionnaire (self-designed) were administered to 74 cases (30 psychogenic ED patients and 44 normal control objects).Results: High levels of sexual performance anxiety were found to affect patients' self-evaluation and coping responses. Sexual performance anxiety, deficient sexual sensitivity and poor communication techniques were the major contributing factors of psychogenic erectile dysfunction.Conclusion: Sexual performance anxiety constitutes a significant factor of erective dysfunction.
作者：刘明矾 刊期： 2002年第01期
Western psychotherapeutic approaches have been introduced into China in the past two decades, but the problem of how to integrate these methods meaningfully with the Chinese culture remains. This article shows the author's view that psychotherapists should understand a client's presenting problem on three levels during interviewing with the client. Sexual desire is viewed as a core intra-conflict of the client, covered up by relevant life experiences (e.g. love affair) and mental symptoms (e.g. anxiety, depression). The therapeutic process conducted by a therapist consists of: 1) to clarify symptom manifestations and make a diagnosis in accordance with the client's complaints; 2) to understand the client's life experiences and love affairs and to respond with empathy; and 3) to interpret the core intra-conflict and the relationships between the symptoms and the covert sexual desire. Three cases presented here illustrate the process of therapeutic interactions proposed.
作者：季建林 刊期： 2002年第01期
Objective: To evaluate the treatment effects of hypnotic acupuncture therapy on angina pectoris. Methods: 40 cases of angina pectoris treated by hypnotic acupuncture therapy were compared with 31 cases of angina pectoris treated by pure acupuncture. Results: Symptom relief rate and change of ECG were found to be more desirable in the Hypnotic acupuncture therapy group than in the pure acupuncture group (P<0.01,P<0.05). Pre-post treatment comparisons on levels of anxiety, depression, ET and NO also showed that hypnotic acupuncture therapy was superior to the pure acupuncture group (P<0.05).Conclusion:The present study provides strong support for hypnotic acupuncture therapy for angina pectoris, in terms of its treatment effects on both mental and physical improvement.
作者：李献；郑强荪；宋胜云；高军军；尼珍；袁秀兰；张录兴 刊期： 2002年第01期
目的:对强迫症(OCD)病人的心理防御特征及其相关因素进行研究.方法:OCD病人组和正常对照组各60 例,入组时按要求填写防御方式问卷(DSQ)、父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)和艾森克人格问卷(EPQ).结果:病人组中间型和不成熟型防御机制因子分(分别为4.64±0.72和4.69±1.07)显著高于正常组(分别为4.34±0.58和3.86±0.98),成熟防御机制因子分(5.32±1.44)显著低于正常组(5.80±0.81).病人组EMBU情感温暖、理解因子分明显低于正常组;惩罚、拒绝和过度保护因子分显著高于正常组.OCD患者神经质标准分(N)显著高于对照组,外向标准分(E)显著低于对照组.相关分析显示病人组EMBU的惩罚、拒绝和过度保护因子分与中间型和或不成熟型防御机制因子分显著正相关.父母情感温暖、理解因子分与EPQ的E分以及父亲过度保护因子分与N分均显著正相关.结论:OCD患者过度应用中间型和不成熟型防御机制,并与父母不良的教养方式和患者个性缺陷有关.
作者：林雄标；胡赤怡；胡纪泽 刊期： 2002年第01期
Objective: To conduct a comparative analysis on children with the latest Draw-A-Person Test (DAPT, Hangzhou norm). Methods: DAPT was administered to 1837 children aged from 7 to 12 in different regions for comparison. Results: As compared to the Hangzhou norm of DAPT, the total scores among children in different cities showed no significant differences. However, reliable difference was found between children in urban and rural areas. Conclusion: Children in urban and rural areas showed significant difference in intelligence as assessed by DAPT.
作者：朱倩云；傅根耀 刊期： 2002年第01期
Objective: To examine differences in depression and anxiety between nurses in Macau and Guangzhou. Methods: To compare the scores of SAS and SDS of two groups of nurses in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University and Macao Centro hospitalar Conde de S. Ja'muario. Results: Total mean scores of SAS and SDS showed no significant differences between groups. There were however significant group differences in item scores on symptoms such as anxiety, fear, panic, pain in body, fatigue, dyspnea, frequent urine, hyperhidrosis on SAS, as well as constipation, tachycardia, fatigue on SDS (P<0.05). Conclusion: The emotional state of nurses in the two regions was related to woke environment and cultural background.
作者：李淑仪；肖计划；刘少屏 刊期： 2002年第01期
Objective:To explore the time course of memory recovery during post-traumatic amnesia after brain injury.Methods: A patient (WGS, aged 34) with lesions in the left temporal lobe was compared with four matched control subjects on various cognitive tests. These tests included Galveston Orientation and Amnesia test, Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Test, Semantic Memory, and Remote Memory Test. WGS was tested at 20th days and 33rd days after the brain injury. Results: During the period of post-traumatic amnesia, marked recovery was observed for orientation, semantic memory and remote memory (especially the recent and the earlier items). While the recovery of learning for new knowledge was slow, learning curve of association of unrelated items was flat.Conclusion: The differential time courses for recovery of cognitive functions should be well considered in rehabilitative training after traumatic brain injury.
作者：杨炯炯；尹岭；张亚旭；周晓林 刊期： 2002年第01期
目的:探讨颈动脉粥样硬化对脑梗死患者认知功能及近期预后的影响.方法:对112 例脑梗死患者的颈动脉进行彩色多普勒超声检查,并对患者进行了简化智能状态量表(MMSE)、记忆力、计算力、注意力、反应速度、视空间等多项神经心理测验,同时对患者入院时、第3～4周的神经功能缺损进行评分(SSS).结果:脑梗死患者多项神经心理检测记分较健康对照组低,有颈动脉粥样硬化的脑梗死患者较无颈动脉粥样硬化的脑梗死患者记分低,以严重颈动脉粥样硬化及严重颈动脉狭窄的脑梗死患者降低为明显;颈动脉粥样硬化程度与认知功能障碍程度呈正相关.有颈动脉粥样硬化的脑梗死患者入院时SSS计分高于无颈动脉粥样硬化的脑梗死患者,近期预后差.结论:颈动脉粥样硬化可影响脑梗死患者的认知功能,有颈动脉硬化的脑梗死患者缺血性损伤严重,影响脑梗死患者的近期预后.
作者：易兴阳；余昌明；潘光强；张顺开 刊期： 2002年第01期
Objective:This is a case study in which a 30-year-old male suffering from Examination Anxiety Disorder was treated by Eclectic Psychotherapy. Methods: Using Eclectic Psychotherapy, an approach that combines principles of Client Centeed Therapy, Cognitive Therapy, Rational Emotion Therapy (RET),and Behavior Therapy, the patient was treated for a total of 22 sessions.Results: The study showed obvious therapeutic effect for Eclectic Psychotherapy. The patient reported complete relief of his examination anxiety symptoms at conclusion of treatment. Follow-up by telephone at 1 month and 6 months after treatment showed that the patient remained stable and well.Conclusion: Eclectic Psychotherapy is an efficient way for treating symptoms of severe Examination Anxiety Disorder, both in terms of permanent cure and temporary relief.
作者：邓旭阳；何家声；郭晋林 刊期： 2002年第01期
Objective: To study the effect of parent's education on the early intellectual development of infants. Methods: A total of 3,000 infants in a general hospital were sampled and divided into three groups: 3-month-old, 6-month-old and 9-month-old. All of the infants were tested with DST. Results: The parent's education was shown to have a significant effect on the intellectual development of 6-month-old and 9-month-old infants. The better education the parents had, the brighter the infants were. Conclusions: The parent's education had significant effect on the baby's early intelligence development.
作者：张朝；于宗富 刊期： 2002年第01期
目的:观察松静状态对心脏功能的潜在作用.方法:选择自愿参加者103 名,以心率和ST-T波为指标,在诱导被试进入短时放松入静状态后,采用电脑型8110K心电图机,连续观察自我暗示对心率和ST-T波的影响.结果:放松入静状态下,心脏对自我暗示的敏感性明显增加,不仅心率可随自我暗示升降,一些异常的ST-T波也得到明显的改善.结论:放松入静是自我暗示(或意念)调节心脏功能的重要背景(或基础),研究结果有益于设计一些非药物疗法以辅助治疗(或康复)某些心血管疾病.
作者：曹红；帅建中；黄建平；杨振刚 刊期： 2002年第01期
目的:探讨婚姻质量与个性、婚姻动因的关系.方法:抽取156名在婚者为本研究的对象,其中男77人、女79人,每位受试者接受婚姻动因问卷、艾森克个性问卷和Olson婚姻质量问卷测查.结果:本样本受试者在婚姻质量问卷多数维度上的得分低于美国常模;婚姻质量与神经质和精神质得分呈显著负相关,婚姻质量的某些维度与内外向和掩饰性呈正相关;婚姻质量与人际-情感动因呈显著正相关,与社会-家庭和个人动因呈显著负相关.结论:个性和婚姻动因是影响婚姻质量的重要因素.
作者：李伟；程灶火；王湘；魏传华 刊期： 2002年第01期
中国临床心理学杂志
主管:中华人民共和国教育部
主办：中国心理卫生协会
