INTRODUCTIONVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which is also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF) is a heparin-binding, dimeric polypeptide growth factor and a potent mitogen for endothelial cells.VEGF can stimulate the endothelial cell growth and enhance the motility through its two known receptors flt-1 and KDR[1]. Acting through these receptors, VEGF may stimulate angiogenesis and promote tumor progression. VEGF12l, as one of the four VEGF protein isoforms containing the least number of amino acids, has all the biological function of VEGF and is the ideal isoforms for further studying VEGF at molecular levels[2]. In this study, we cloned

作者： 刊期： 2000年第02期

INTRODUCTIONThe recent studies have shown that rhubarb has not only the effect of removing stasis by purgation, but also intestinal barrier effects[1,2]. In order to further clarify the intestinal barrier mechanism of rhubarb, we studied the effects of rhubarb decoction and the active ingredients of rhubarb on the cytoplasmic free calcium in isolated intestinal mononuclear cells (INT-MNC)

作者： 刊期： 2000年第02期

AIM To investigate the effects of taxol on SMMC-7721 human hepatoma and its mechanisms. MLETHODS In vitro cell growth was assessed by trypan blue exclusion method. Experimental hepatoma model was established by seeding SMMC-7721 cells subcutaneously into Balb/c (nu/nu) nude mice. In vivo tumor growth was determined by measurement of tumor diameter with Vernier calipers. The syntheses of DNA,RNA and protein were analyzed by incorporation of 3H-thymidine, 3H-uridine and 3H-leucine respectively. Using light and electron microscopes to observe the morphological changes of cells including mitosis and apoptosis.RESULTS Taxol was effective against SMMC 7721 human hepetoma cell growth in the ranges of 2.5 nmol/L - 10 nmol/L with mitotic arrest and apoptosis in vitro. DNA, RNA and protein syntheses in cells were also obviously suppressed by in vitro treatment of taxol for 72 h. Taxol at 2.5 nmol/L reduced 3H-thymidine uptake to about 34% of the control value (P＜0.05). Increasing the dose of taxol to 20 nmol/L resulted in a greater decrease in 3Hthymidine incorporation to 60% of the control value (P＜0.01). At a concentration of 20 nmol/L, the 3H-uridine and 3H-leucine uptakes were reduced to 52% (P＜0.05) and 63%(P＜0.01), respectively. In vivo, taxol significantly inhibited SMMC-7721 tumor growth at 10 mg/kg, i.p., once daily for 10 d. A more than 90% decrease in tumor volume was observed by day 11 (P＜0.01) similarly with mitotic arrest and cell apoptosis.CONCLUSION Taxol has a marked anticancer activity in SMMC-7721 human hepatoma both in vitro and in nude mice. Its mechanisms might be associated with mitotic arrest, subsequently,apoptosis of the hepatoma cells. No obvious toxicity was observed with in vivo administration of taxol.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第02期

INTRODUCTIONEsophageal hematomas develop from the dissection of the mucosa from the muscular layers of the esophageal wall and represent an uncommon condition affecting all ages[t-3]. Although the most common cause of esophageal hematomas is iatrogenic mechanical injury-induced by prolonged nasogastric intubation, difficult or forceful endoscopic intubation, or the result of variceal injection sclerotherapy- some may be spontaneous,particularly in patients receiving anticoagulants[3-6]. Presenting symptoms most commonly include dysphagia, hematemesis, and sub-sternal or epigastric pain[5,9].

作者： 刊期： 2000年第02期

ALM In order to study the association between the null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 and the genetic susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODS The genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 of 63 cases of HCC and 88 controls were detected with the multiple PCR technique.RESULTS The frequency of GSTM1 null genotype was 57.1% among the cases, and 42.0% among the controls, the difference being statistically significant (x2 = 3.35, P = 0.067),but X2 value approaching the significance level.The odds ratio was 1.84 (95% Cl=0.91 - 3.37).The frequency of GSTT1 non-null genotype was 87.3% among the cases and 62.5% among the controls, the difference being statistically significant (X2=11.42, P=0.0007274). The odds ratio was 4.13 (95% Cl = 1.64 - 10.70).According to the cross analysis, the GSTT1 nonnull genotype was more closely associated with HCC than GSTM1 null genotype, and these two factors play an approximate addlitive interaction in the occurrence of HCC.CONCLUSION The persons with GSTM1 nullgenotype and GSTT1 non-null genotype have the increased risk to HCC.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第02期

AIM To investigate the expression of integrins in rats liver during 3 '-Me-DAB induced hepatocarcinogenesis and to find out the relationship between integrins and liver cancer metastasis.METHODS The expressions of integrins α1, α2,α3 and α5 and epidermal keratin (EK) were observed by immunohistochemical PAP method.RESULTS In the normal liver tissues,hepatocytes express integrins α1 and α5 and in the bile duct epithlium, EK. In liver cirrhosis,hepatocytes highly express integrins α1, α2, α3 and α5 and in hyperplsstic bile duct epithelium,integrins α1, α5 and EK. Expression of integrins α1, α2, α3 and α5 were obviously decreased in the preneoplsstic nodules and primary carcinoma but expressions of integrins α1 and α5 in metastasis in the lung and diaphragme were higher than those in primary carcinoma.CONCLUSION Integrins α1 and α5 may play a major role in chemically induced hepatocarcinogenssis and metastasis in rats.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第02期

INTRODUCTION Although liver transplantation for irreversible liver diseases is increasingly prevalent worldwide, patient die while waiting for donors because of organ shortages. One important problem commonly encountered is that fatty livers often affect the outcome of liver transplantation. It is reported that the incidence of abnormal fatty livers in autopsies after accidental death ranged from 15% to 24%.Since fatty livers may result in a primary nonfunction (PNF) liver graft, which contributes to an increased risk of mortality[1], they are usually out of consideration in liver transplantation.However, some fatty livers can be successfully transplanted. Therefore, how to choose fatty livers as donor organs correctly is the crux of success in liver transplantation.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第02期

INTRODUCTION According to the therapeutic effect and strategy of antisense RNA for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we have specifically synthesized partial cDNA of human insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ (IGFⅡ ) and constructed IGF-Ⅱ cDNA antisense eukaryotic expression vector. The constructed vector was introduced into hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721 to block the intrinsic IGF- Ⅱexpression. The biological behavior changes of hepatoma cells were observed. All these would provide scientific basis for IGF- Ⅱ antisense RNA in the treatment of HCC.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第02期

INTRODUCTION The esophageal carcinoma is a common malignant tumor in Linzhou City (Linxian) of Henan Province in northern China. Although the etiology and natural history of esophageal carcinoma are not clear, a substantial amount of evidence has been provided to suggest that the development of human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) is a multistage progressive process[1-4] An early indicator of abnormality in persons predisposed to esophageal SCC is an increased proliferation of esophageal epithelial cells,morphologically manifested as basal cell hyperplasia (BCH), and dysplasia (DYS), and carcinoma in situ, which could be considered precancerous lesions of esophageal SCC[1-4].

作者： 刊期： 2000年第02期

AIM To evaluale the potential role of P-selectin and anti-P-selectin monoclonal antibody (mAb) in apoptosis during hepatic/renal ischemiareperfusion injury.METHODS Plasma P-selectin level, hepatic/renal P-selectin expression and cell apoptosis were detected in rat model of hepatic/ renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. ELISA, immunohistochemistry and TUNEL were used. Some ischemia-reperfusion rats were treated with antiP-selectin mAb.RESULTS Hepatic/ renal function insufficiency, up-regulated expression of P-selectin in plasma and hepatic/renal tissue, hepatic/renal histopathological damages and cell apoptosis were found in rats with hepatic/renal ischemiareperfusion injury, while these changes became less conspicuous in animals treated with anti-Pselectin mAb.CONCLUSION P-selectin might mediate neutrophil infiltration and cell apoptosis and contribute to hepatic/renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, anti-P-selectin mAb might be an efficient approach for the prevention and treatment of hepatic/renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第02期

INTRODUCTIONIn order to study the therapeutic mechanisms of emodin, an extract of Rhubarb (Rhizoma et Radix Rhei, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine), and sandostatin in the treatment of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP), we used the two drugs in rat models of the disease and observed the changes of plasma thromboxane-2 (TXB2),6-ketoprostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α) and prostaglandin E2 (PEG2).

作者： 刊期： 2000年第02期

INTRODUCTIONGastrin is a trophic gastrointestinal hormone which is secreted by G cell. Gastrin has long been considered a growth stimulatory hormone for mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract[1]. The growth responses of certain colorectal cancer cells, and xenografts, can be stimulated by endogenous gastrin[2]. Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of isozymes that plays a crucial role in transducing signals of many hormones, growth peptides,neurotransmitters, and its activation is crucial in tumor promotion[3]. PKC is also involved in regulating cellular proliferation[4].

作者： 刊期： 2000年第02期

AIM To develop a safe and effective DNA vaccine for inducing humoral and cellular immunological responses against hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg).METHODS BALB/c mice were inoculated with NV-HB/s, a recombinant plasmid that had been inserted S gene of hepatitis B virus genome and could express HBsAg in eukaryotes. HBsAg expression was measured by ABC immunohistochemical assay, generation of anti-HBs by ELISA and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), by MTT method, existence of vaccine DNA by Southern blot hybridization and activation of oncogene C-myc by in situ hybridization.RESULTS With NV-HB/s vaccination by intramuscular injection, anti-HBs was initially positive 2 weeks after inoculation while all mice tested were HBsAg positive in the muscles. The titers and seroconversion rate of anti-HBs were steadily increasing as time went on and were dose-dependent. All the mice inoculated with 100 μg NV-HB/ s were anti-HBs positive one month after inoculation, the titer was 1:1024 or more. The humoral immune response was similar induced by either intramuscular or intradermal injection. CTL activities were much stronger (45.26%) in NV-HB/s DNA immunized mice as compared with those (only 6%) in plasmaderived HBsAg vaccine immunized mice. Two months after inoculation, all muscle samples were positive by Southern-blot hybridization for NV-HB/s DNA detection, but decreased to 25%and all were undetectable by in situ hybridization after 6 months. No oncogene Cmyc activation was found in the muscle of inoculation site.CONCLUSION NV-HB/s could generate humoral and cellular immunological responses against HBsAg that had been safely expressed in situ by NV-HB/s vaccination.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第02期

AIM To find out the difference of human primary liver carcinogenesis between Han and minority ethnic patients in Xinjiang.METHODS Expression of p53, c-erbB-2, Hrssp21 protein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in tumor tissues of 50 patients (Han 38, minority 12 ) with primary hepatic carcinoma was detected by immunohistochemistry (LSAB).RESULTS The positive frequency of p53, cerbB-2, H-rasp21 and PCNA expression was 46.0% (23/50), 70.0% (35/50), 68.0% (34/50)and 82.0% (41/50) in tumor tissues; 4.0% (2/50), 22.0% (11/50), 64.0% (32/50) and 52.0%(26/ 50 ) in peritumors respectively and a significant difference, except for H-rasp21, of oncogene alteration was found (P＜0.05)between tumor and non- tumorous tissues.Combined the three oncogenes alteration, 26%(13/50)tumor tissues had positive immunoreactivity, but in peritumor and normal livers it was negative. The positive rate of p53,c-erbB-2 and H-rasp21 protein expression was 39.5% (15/38), 60.5% (23/38) and 39.5% (15/38) in tumors of Han patients; 66.7% (8/12),100% (12/12) and 75.0% (9/12) in minorities respectively, with statistical difference (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION Overexpression of p53, c-erbB-2 and H-rasp21 in human primary liver carcinoma is an important biomarker of genetic alteration.The different frequency of these oncogenetic changes may reflect some environmental or/and ethnic hereditary factors affecting the liver carcinogenesis. The special life style of Han,Uygur, Kazak and Mongolia nationalities in Xinjiang may also be related to the etiopathogenesis of this disease.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第02期

INTRODUCTIONThe treatment of human epithelial malignancies is limited by drug resistance and toxic and side effects,which results in the failure in the treatment of majority of advanced cancer victims. To seek for a new, and specific antineoplastic therapy will provide hope for tumor treatment. Although disordered intermediary metabolism in cancer cells has been known for many years, much of the work focused on abnormal glucose catabolism. At the same time, little attention has been paid to fatty acid synthasis in tumor tissues, dispite of the significance of fatty acid synthase (FAS) in some clinical human ovarian[1], breast[2], colorectal[3],and prostatic cancers[4,5]. Tumor cells which express high levels of fatty acid synthesizing enzymes use endogeneously synthesized fatty acids for membrance biosynthesis and appear to export large amounts of lipid. In contrast, normal cells preferentially utilize diary lipid.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第02期

AIM To examine whether age alone or comorbidity is a risk factor for death in older adults who developed Clostridium difficile (Cd)colitis during hospitalization.METHODS A retrospective, observational study design was performed in our Lady of Mercy Medical Center, a 650-bed, urban,community-based, university-affiliated teaching hospital. 121 patients with a positive diagnosis of Cd colitis (aged 23- 97 years) were studied, and data pertinent to demographic variables,medical history, co-morbidity, physical examination, and laboratory results were collected. Age was examined as a continuous variable and stratified into Age1 (＜80 vs 80 + );Age2 ( ＜ 60, 60 - 69, 70 - 79 and 80 + ); or Age3 (＜ 60, 60 - 69, 70 - 79, 80 - 89, 90 + ).RESULTS Cd colitis occurs more frequently with advancing age (55% of cases ＞80 years).However, age, per se, had no effect on mortality. A history of cardiac disease (P= 0.036), recurrent or refractory infection ＞4 weeks (P--0.007), Iow serum total protein (P=0.034), Iow serum albumin (P=0.001),antibiotic use ＞4 weeks (P＜0.010), use of over 4 antibiotics (P=0.026), and use of certain classes of antibiotics (P = 0.035 - 0.004) were predictive of death. Death was strongly predicted by the use of penicillin-like antibiotics plus clindamycin, in the presence of hypoalbuminemia, refractory sepsis, and cardiac disease ( P = 0.00005). CONCLUSION Cd colitis is common in the very old. However, unlike co-morbidity, age alone does not affect the clinical outcome (survival vs death).

作者： 刊期： 2000年第02期

INTRODUCTIONAlthough the long-term postoperative survival rate of gastric cancer (GC) patients has been improved significantly since the local dissection of lymph node was widely used in China, yet the low curative resection rate and the high recurrence rate from peritoneal and hepatic metastases hinder it from further improvement. To alter the current unsatisfactory status of GC treatment, a sequential triple therapeutic scheme (STTS), consisting of preoperative regional intra-arterial chemotherapy,curative resection of GC, and intra-operative or early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy, was designed and adopted in this department since 1989. The follow-up data demonstrated that the therapeutic response of STTS is rather satisfactory.The results are reported as follows.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第02期

AIM To clone core gene cDNA of Chinese hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) into eukaryotic expression vector cosmid pTM3 and to express HCV core antigen in HepG2 cells.METHODS Core gene cDNA of HCV was introduced into eukaryotic expression vector cosmid pTM3. Using vaccinia virus/bacteriophage T7 hybrid expression system,HepG2 cells were transfected with the recombinant plasmid pTM3-Q534 by lipofectin.RESULTS From the transfected bacteria Top10F′, 2 pTM3-Q534 clones containing the recombinant plasmid were identified from randomly selected 10 ampicillin-resistant colonies. By reverse transcription PCR and indirect immunofluorescence technique, HCV RNA and core protein was identified in HepG2 cells transfected with the recombinant plasmid.CONCLUSION The construction of a recombinant plasmid and the expression of core gene cDNA of HCV in HepG2 was successful.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第02期

INTRODUCTIONRadiology has been greatly advanced in China since its founding in 1949 and has been developed faster and further more since China adopted the policy of socioeconomic reform in 1978. It plays an increasingly important role in the medical health care and treatment in the country and has reached the world′s advanced level in certain fields. We now briefly review the history of China′s radiology so as to give a clear picture of its development.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第02期

INTRODUCTIONEndothelins (ETs) has a potent and sustained vasoconstrictive effect on a variety of blood vessels.The vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is the target for ETs. VSMC of the whole body contains endothelin receptor (ETR)[1]. A great number of experiments have shown that three distinct complementary DNAs of ETR have been identified i. e., endothelin A receptor (ETA receptor),endothelin B receptor ( ETB receptor ) and endothelin C receptor (ETc receptor). ETA receptor was expressed in VSMC responsible for the contraction[2]. The aim of this study is to confirm the effects of endotoxin on the activity of ETR, and the transcription and expression of ETA receptor mRNA in hepatic and intestinal tissues.

作者： 刊期： 2000年第02期