AIM:MicroRNAs ( miRNAs) were recognized to play significant roles in cardiac hypertrophy .But, it remains unknown whether cyclin/Rb pathway is modulated by miRNAs during cardiac hypertrophy .This study investigates the potential roles of microRNA-1 (miR-1) and microRNA-16 (miR-16) in modulating cyclin/Rb pathway during cardiomyocyte hypertrophy .METHODS:An animal model of hypertrophy was established in a rat with abdominal aortic constriction (AAC).In addition, a cell model of hypertrophy was also achieved based on PE-promoted neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocyte .RESULTS:miR-1 and-16 expression were markedly de-creased in hypertrophic myocardium and hypertrophic cardiomyocytes in rats .Overexpression of miR-1 and -16 suppressed rat cardiac hypertrophy and hypertrophic phenotype of cultured cardiomyocytes .Expression of cyclins D1, D2 and E1, CDK6 and phosphorylated pRb was increased in hypertrophic myocardium and hypertrophic cardiomyocytes , but could be reversed by enforced expression of miR-1 and -16.CDK6 was validated to be modulated post-transcriptionally by miR-1, and cyclins D1, D2 and E1 were further validated to be modulated post-transcriptionally by miR-16.CONCLUSION: Attenuations of miR-1 and -16 provoke cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via derepressing the cyclins D1, D2, E1 and CDK6, and activating cyclin/Rb pathway.
作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期
目的：Sirtuin 3（Sirt3）是线粒体中NAD＋依赖去乙酰化酶，通过赖氨酸乙酰化调节线粒体能量代谢。气体分子H2S具有抗氧化应激、蛋白质硫化和乙酰化等功能。本实验探讨外源性H2 S调控2型糖尿病心肌线粒体脂肪酸氧化及其关键酶的机制。方法及结果：采用db／db小鼠作为2型糖尿病动物模型，给予外源性H2 S作为治疗组（腹腔注射NaHS 30μg／kg 12周）。 Western blot及免疫荧光检测显示db／db小鼠心肌组织CSE的表达及H2 S含量均明显低于NaHS组。提取心肌组织线粒体，给予外源性H2 S组脂肪酸氧化水平、CPT及LCAD的活性及蛋白表达水平明显低于 db／db小鼠。 Co－IP及LC－MS／MS分析，结果显示在db／db小鼠中CPT及LCAD的乙酰化水平明显高于NaHS组，线粒体氧耗呼吸率及线粒体ATP含量明显低于NaHS组。 Western blot结果证实db／db小鼠心肌线粒体中Sirt3、Nampt的表达及NAD＋／NADH的比值明显低于给予外源性H2 S组。高糖高脂处理乳鼠心肌细胞，给予Nampt抑制剂FK866及NaHS，Sirt3的表达下降，但CPT及LCAD表达、活性及乙酰化水平明显增高。结论：本实验证实气体分子H2 S通过调控Nampt－Sirt3－CPT／LCAD乙酰化水平改善高糖高脂时心肌线粒体的脂肪酸氧化。
作者：孙宇；刘宁；郁向静；卢方浩；张林雪；张伟华 刊期： 2016年第08期
目的：探讨钙敏感受体（calcium－sensing receptor，CaSR）在氧化型低密度脂蛋白（oxidized low－density lipoprotein，oxLDL）诱导的大鼠胸主动脉平滑肌细胞（A7r5细胞）增殖及迁移中的作用及信号机制。方法：BrdU掺入法检测细胞增殖；伤口愈合实验及Transwell迁移分析检测细胞迁移情况；Western blot方法检测CaSR、PCNA、ERK MAPK通路及PI3K／AKT通路的蛋白表达。结果：（1）小剂量（10 mg／L）oxLDL 作用A7r5细胞24 h促进细胞的增殖和迁移；（2）oxLDL增加A7r5细胞的CaSR表达；（3）CaSR 拮抗剂NPS2390抑制了oxLDL 的作用，而激动剂GdCl3进一步增强了oxLDL 的作用；（4）oxLDL 可促进p－AKT、p－ERK蛋白表达；（5）PI3K／AKT通路抑制剂LY294002、ERK MAPK通路抑制剂PD98059能够抑制oxLDL 诱导的细胞增殖和迁移效应；（6）NPS2390抑制了oxLDL诱导的p－AKT和p－ERK蛋白表达，而GdCl3作用相反。结论：（1）oxLDL诱导A7r5细胞增殖及迁移效应；（2）CaSR参与oxLDL诱导的A7r5细胞增殖及迁移作用；（3）CaSR 通过活化PI3K／AKT通路及ERK MAPK 信号通路参与oxLDL诱导的A7r5细胞增殖及迁移作用。
作者：李忠；徐长庆；田野；郝丽荣；李宏霞 刊期： 2016年第08期
目的：探讨miR－130a在血管紧张素II（angiotensin II， Ang II）诱导心脏间质纤维化中的作用及分子机制。方法：埋植Ang II微渗泵制备小鼠心室重塑模型，超声心动检测小鼠心功能；离体培养乳鼠心脏成纤维细胞，real－time PCR和Western blot检测分子的基因及蛋白表达。结果：在埋植Ang II微渗泵的小鼠心肌组织以及Ang II刺激的乳鼠心脏成纤维细胞，Ang II可上调miR－130a的表达。小鼠腹腔注射25 mg／kg miR－130a 抑制剂锁核酸（locked nucleic acid， LNA）－anti－miR－130a可显著抑制Ang II引起的心肌组织中miR－130a表达增加，改善Ang II引起心脏间质纤维化及舒缩功能障碍。转染miR－130a mimic可进一步促进Ang II引起的纤维化相关分子的表达增加以及肌成纤维细胞转化，miR－130a inhibitor则可抑制Ang II的上述作用。过表达PPAR－γ可抑制Ang II以及Ang II和miR－130a mimic联合应用引起的纤维化相关分子的表达。结论：miR－130a通过调控PPAR－γ的表达参与Ang II的促纤维化效应。
作者：李丽；张城林；赵茜；吴立玲 刊期： 2016年第08期
AIM:To investigate the effect of miR-214 on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and the expression of the potential target genes . METHODS:A cell model of hypertrophy was established based on angiotensin-Ⅱ( Ang-Ⅱ)-induced neonatal mouse ventricular car-diomyocytes (NMVCs).Dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the interaction between miR-214 and the 3’ UTR of MEF2C.The expression of MEF2C and hypertrophy-related genes at mRNA and protein levels was determined by RT-qPCR and Wes-tern blotting, respectively.RESULTS:The expression of ANP, ACTA1,β-MHC and miR-214 was markedly increased in Ang-Ⅱ-in-duced hypertrophic cardiomyocytes .Dual luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-214 interacted with the 3’ UTR of MEF2C, and miR-214 was verified to inhibit MEF2C expression at the transcriptional level .The protein expression of MEF2C was markedly in-creased in the hypertrophic cardiomyocytes .Moreover, miR-214 mimic, in parallel to MEF2C siRNA, inhibited the expression of hy-pertrophy-related genes in Ang-Ⅱ-induced NMVCs.CONCLUSION:MEF2C is a target gene of miR-214, which mediates the effect of miR-214 on attenuating cardiomyocyte hypertrophy .
作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期
目的：探讨抑制miR－21可否减轻CVB3诱导的BALB／c小鼠心脏微血管损伤，阻断致病因子向靶器官迁移，从而减轻靶器官组织病变。方法：3～4周龄雄性BALB／c小鼠CVB3腹腔注射后饲养1周诱导急性病毒性心肌炎（ VMC）模型；BALB／c小鼠每月腹腔注射CVB31次共饲养3个月，诱导为慢性VMC模型。注射CVB3同时尾静脉注射抗miR－21质粒以敲低miR－21表达。结果：急性VMC小鼠外周血miR－21表达增加，心肌Bcl－2和CVB3－VP1表达增加。小鼠体内注射anti－miR－21质粒后，外周血miR－21表达降低，心肌caspase－3活性和CVB3－VP1表达下降，Bcl－2表达增加，HE染色心肌组织及心脏微血管病变减轻，TUNEL染色心肌细胞凋亡减少。慢性VMC小鼠心肌胶原表达增加，微血管密度减少，心功能下降。敲低miR－21增加慢性VMC小鼠心肌微血管密度，减少胶原沉积，改善小鼠心功能。体外过表达miR－21诱导CMVECs凋亡，减少心脏微血管新生。结论：靶向抑制miR－21可能通过抑制CMVECs凋亡，阻断致病因子向靶器官迁移，降低心肌病毒载量、减轻心肌炎心肌病变。慢性VMC小鼠中，可能是通过减少胶原沉积、减轻心肌纤维化，增加微血管新生，改善心功能。因此，miR－21可能是治疗病毒性心肌炎的新靶点。
作者：虞勇；李冰玉；贾剑国；邹云增；陈瑞珍 刊期： 2016年第08期
AIM:Early calcification of atherosclerotic plaques are colocalized with macrophage and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a cytokine associated with biomineralizing process under physiological and pathological conditions .Our study aims to evaluate whether HMGB1 induces ectopic mineralization via promoting the secretion of matrix vesicles ( MVs) from macrophages .METHODS:HMGB1 was added to the medium of macrophages , the secretion of MVs in the supernatant was tested by flow cytometry analysis .The mineral deposition in calcifying medium was detected by Alizarin Red staining and von Kossa staining .Transmission electron microscopy showed the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals in MVs .Then we subcutaneous injection into mice with MVs to induce regional minera-lization.RESULTS:HMGB1 significantly promoted secretion of MVs from macrophages as raveled by flow cytometry analysis .TNAP activity, considered as a marker of MVs maturation , was higher in HMGB1-induced MVs compared to the control-MVs.HMGB1-MVs also led to mineral deposition in an in vitro MVs-collagen mineralization model .Subcutaneous injection into mice with MVs derived from HMGB1-treated cells showed a greater potential to initiate regional mineralization .Mechanistic experiments revealed that HMGB 1 activated neutral sphingomyelinase 2 ( nSMase2 ) that involved the receptor for advanced glycation end products ( RAGE ) and p38 MAPK (upstream of nSMase2).Inhibition of nSMase2 with GW4869 or p38 MAPK with SB-239063 prevented MVs secretion and min-eral deposition .CONCLUSIONS: HMGB1 induces MVs secretion from macrophages at least in part , via the RAGE/p38 MAPK/nSMase2 signaling pathway .Our findings thus reveal a novel mechanism by which HMGB 1 may participated in the early calcification of atherosclerotic plaques .
作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期
AIM:NLRP3 inflammasome was identified as the cellular machinery responsible for activation of inflammatory processes .The present study investigated whether the activation of NLRP 3 inflammasomes contributes to hyperhomocysteinemia ( HHcy)-induced in-flammation and atherosclerosis .METHODS:ApoE-/-mice were fed regular diet , high fat ( HF) diet or HF plus high methionine (HM) diet for 10 weeks.NLRP3 shRNA or scramble shRNA viral suspension was injected twice at the 2nd and the 6th weeks after HFHM treatment.The whole aortas and aortic root sections were stained with Oil Red O for atherosclerotic lesion .Plasma lipids, ho-mocysteine ( Hcy) , IL-1βand IL-18 levels were measured .We also examined the effect of Hcy on NLRP 3 inflammasomes activation in THP-1 differentiated macrophages in the presence or absence of NLRP 3 siRNA, caspase-1 inhibitor Z-WEHD-FMK, or antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine ( NAC) .RESULTS:HFHM treatment induced HHcy in ApoE-/-mice.Increased plasma levels of IL-1βand IL-18, aggravated macrophage infiltration into atherosclerotic lesion , and accelerated development of atherosclerosis were detected in HHcy mice, which were associated with the activation of NLRP 3 inflammasomes.Silencing the NLRP3 gene significantly suppressed NLRP3 inflammasomes activation , reduced plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines , attenuated macrophage infiltration , and improved HHcy-induced atherosclerosis .Moreover, we found that Hcy activated NLRP3 inflammasomes and promoted subsequent production of IL-1βand IL-18 in macrophages, which were blocked by NLRP3 gene silencing, Z-WEHD-FMK, or NAC.CONCLUSION:These data suggest that the activation of NLRP 3 inflammasomes contributes to HHcy-induced inflammation and atherosclerosis .Hcy activates NLRP3 inflammasomes in reactive oxygen species dependent pathway in macrophages .
作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期
目的：平滑肌蛋白22α（ smooth muscle protein 22α，SM22α）被视为是细胞衰老的标志物，但是其在血管平滑肌细胞（ vascu－lar smooth muscle cell ，VSMC）衰老过程中的作用尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨SM22α在VSMC衰老和血管老化进程中的作用。方法：利用angiotensin II（Ang II，10－7 mol／L）慢性刺激诱导VSMC衰老；用野生型和SM22α基因敲除小鼠皮下植泵，持续灌注Ang II（1μg? kg－1? min－1）4周，复制高血压模型。通过敲低和过表达SM22α观察其对VSMC衰老及调控通路蛋白表达和活性的影响。结果：Ang II持续刺激可诱导VSMC衰老，伴随着SM22α的表达增高。敲低SM22α可减弱Ang II诱导的VSMC衰老，过表达则反之。在Ang II诱导VSMC衰老条件下，SM22α表达上调抑制Mdm2与p53的结合，上调p53含量。 SM22α表达增加抑制Akt与Mdm2的磷酸化活化，导致Mdm2与p53的结合减弱。 SM22α基因敲除改善Ang II诱导的主动脉VSMC衰老和血压升高。结论：SM22α表达上调抑制Akt／Mdm2通路激活，进而减弱Mdm2与p53的结合，上调p53的表达量，促进衰老。
作者：苗穗兵；谢肖立；尹亚娟；赵丽丽；舒亚南；陈荣；陈鹏；董丽华；林燕玲；吕品；张丹丹；聂茜；薛震颖；韩梅 刊期： 2016年第08期
AIM:To explore whether YAP protein is important in induced pluripotent stem cell ( iPSC)-induced cardiovascular progenitor cell and/or vascular smooth muscle differentiation .METHODS:Using episomal vector based reprogramming , we generated human iPSCs from donor fibroblasts .We used both this iPSCs and human H 1 embryonic stem cells to differentiate into vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through cardiovascular progenitor cells (CVPC).Western blotting, qPCR and immunofluorescence microscopy were used to check the expression of YAP and related genes during this differentiation process .RESULTS:The results showed that iPSCs expressed pluripotent stem cell markers, such as Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, TRA-1-60 and SSEA3, and could form teratoma in SCID mice.YAP was highly expressed in pluripotent stem cells , but dramatically decreased when CVPC differentiation started .YAP gradually increased dur-ing CVPC three-day differentiation.The TAZ and YAP binding partner TEAD1, but not TEAD2 and TEAD4, have similar expression pattern in CVPC differentiation .Immunofluorescence result confirmed that YAP was activated and accumulated in nucleus .Interesting-ly, both YAP and phosphorylated YAP expression decreased to very low level after CVPC differentiated into VSMCs in 7 days.TEAD4 and TAZ also decreased, while TEAD1, TEAD2 and TEAD3 expression did not change during VSMC differentiation .CONCLU-SION:YAP and TEAD1 expression increased during CVPC differentiation , while YAP and TEAD4 expression decreased from CVPC to VSMCs differentiation , which suggested YAP might have different function during diverse cell differentiation .
作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期
AIM:Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number variation (CNV), which reflects the oxidant-induced cell damage, has been observed in a wide range of human diseases .However, whether it correlates with heart failure , which is closely related to oxidative stress, has never been elucidated before .We aimed to systematically investigate the association between leukocyte mtDNA CNV and heart failure risk and prognosis .METHODS: A total of 1 700 hospitalized patients with heart failure and 1 700 age-and gender-matched community population were consecutively enrolled in this observational study , as well as 1 638 ( 96.4%) patients were fol-lowed prospectively for a median of 17 months (12~24 months).The relative mtDNA copy number in leukocyte of peripheral blood or cardiac tissue was measured in triplicate by quantitative real-time PCR method .RESULTS:Patients with heart failure possessed much lower relative mtDNA copy number compared with control subjects (P<0.01), especially for the patients with ischemic etiology (P<0.01).Patients with lower mtDNA copy number exhibited 1.7 times higher risk of heart failure ( P<0.01).Long-term follow-up (median 17 months) showed that decreased mtDNA copy number was significant associated with both increased cardiovascular deaths (P<0.01) and cardiovascular rehospitalization (P<0.01).After adjusted for the conventional risk factors and medications , lower mtDNA copy number were still significantly associated with 50% higher cardiovascular mortality (P <0.05).CONCLUSION:mtDNA copy number depletion is an independent risk factor for heart failure and predicted higher risk of cardiovascular deaths in patients with heart failure .
作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期
目的：高张应变诱导的血管平滑肌细胞（vascular smooth muscle cells， VSMCs）异常增殖在高血压血管重建发生发展中起重要作用。本研究探讨细胞核骨架（ nuclear envelope ，NE）在其中的作用及其机制。方法：应用腹主动脉缩窄构建高血压大鼠动物模型；应用FX4000张应变加载系统对体外培养大鼠胸主动脉VSMCs分别施加5％（正常生理状态）和15％（模拟高血压状态）幅度的周期性张应变；Western blot检测NE蛋白emerin和lamin A蛋白表达水平；染色质免疫共沉淀、芯片（ CHIP－on－chip）结合MOTIF生物信息学分析检测与emerin和lamin A结合的DNA序列及其特性；protein／DNA array检测抑制emerin或lamin A表达后转录因子活性变化。结果：高血压大鼠颈总动脉emerin和lamin A表达水平明显降低，中膜VSMCs增殖明显增加；体外加载15％周期性张应变模拟高血压病理条件下VSMCs受到的张应变力学刺激，VSMCs的emerin和lamin A表达明显降低，细胞增殖明显增加，这一作用可被emerin或lamin A的高表达载体转染所部分逆转。 emerin和lamin A能够分别与包含多种转录因子启动子结合位点的DNA片段结合，进而调控多种与VSMCs增殖相关的转录因子活性。结论：NE蛋白emerin和lamin A能够响应力学刺激，并通过调控与特异性转录因子启动子区域的结合调控转录因子活性，参与VSMCs增殖功能调控和高血压血管重建。
作者：齐颖新；姚庆苹；韩悦；黄凯；姜宗来 刊期： 2016年第08期
AIM:To investigate whether KCNE 2 participates in the development of pathological hypertrophy .METHODS:Bidirectional ma-nipulations of KCNE2 expression were performed by adenoviral overexpression of KCNE 2 or knockdown of KCNE2 with RNA interfer-ence in PE-induced neonatal rat ventricular myocytes .Then overexpression of KCNE 2 in mouse model of left ventricular hypertrophy in-duced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) by ultrasound microbubble-mediated gene transfer were used to detect the therapeutic function of KCNE2 in the development of hypertrophy .RESULTS:KCNE2 expression was significantly decreased in PE-induced hy-pertrophic cardiomyocytes and in hypertrophic hearts produced by TAC .Knockdown of KCNE2 in cardiomyocytes reproduced hypertro-phy, whereas overexpression of KCNE2 attenuated PE-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy .Knockdown of KCNE2 increased calcineurin activity and nuclear NFAT protein level , and pretreatment with nifedipine or FK 506 attenuated decreased KCNE 2-induced cardiomyo-cyte hypertrophy .Overexpression of KCNE 2 in heart by ultrasound microbubble-mediated gene transfer suppressed the development of hypertrophy and activation of calcineurin-NFAT and MAPK pathways in TAC mice .CONCLUSION:These findings demonstrate that cardiac KCNE2 expression is decreased and contributes to the development of hypertrophy via activation of calcineurin -NFAT andMAPK pathways .
作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期
目的：探讨转录因子心肌缺血预处理上调蛋白1（ myocardial ischemic preconditioning upregulated protein 1， MIPU1）促进血管新生的分子机制。方法：mRNA测序分析MIPU1过表达人脐静脉内皮细胞（ HUVEC ）的mRNA差异表达；染色质免疫沉淀（chromatin immunoprecipitation， CHIP）检测MIPU1与基质金属蛋白酶14（matrix metalloproteinase 14， MMP14）启动子区结合情况；采用Matrigel、划痕和Transwell分析HUVEC管型形成和迁移；采用Western blot和定量PCR分别检测MIPU1和MMP14蛋白质和mRNA表达；采用LAD建立慢性心肌缺血小鼠模型，采用HE染色和CD31免疫组化分析缺血心肌组织形态学变化及微血管形成。结果：免疫组化和HE染色显示与假手术组相比，缺血心肌中组织损伤加重伴随有CD31＋微血管数目增加，同时心肌组织中MMP14和MIPU1蛋白和mRNA表达增加。 RNA测序显示与对照组相比MIPU1过表达HUVEC中MMP14 mR－NA增加约4倍。 MMP14特异性siRNA转染显著下调MMP14蛋白表达后，可抑制MIPU1促HUVEC管型形成和迁移作用；相反，MMP14过表达可增加MIPU1的上述作用。生物信息学分析显示MMP14启动子区含有2个MIPU1结合元件核心序列（“CTTA”），CHIP结果显示MIPU1与MMP14启动子区－217～－221 bp和－110～－106 bp处的“CTTA”有结合。结论：MIPU1通过上调MMP14促进HUVEC的管型形成和迁移作用，这一调节机制可能参与缺血心肌中微血管新生过程。
作者：邹江；陈亦菲；蔡思明；王念；刘可；张华莉；王慷慨；肖献忠 刊期： 2016年第08期
目的：探讨携带降钙素基因相关肽（ CGRP）的慢病毒体外转染对大鼠c－kitpos心脏干细胞（ c－kit ＋CSCs）活力的影响。方法：无菌条件下取出SD大鼠的心耳，采用酶消化法结合免疫磁珠法获取c－kit＋CSCs，并通过流式细胞术鉴定；将携带目的基因的重组慢病毒载体（ Lv－EGFP－CGRP ）及空病毒载体（ Lv－EGFP ）分别转染至c－kit＋CSCs，实验分为3组：Lv－EGFP－CGRP－CSCs组、Lv－EGFP－CSCs组和CSCs组；在荧光显微镜下观察转染情况，采用流式细胞技术测定其转染率，采用ELISA测定各组培养上清液中CGRP的浓度，采用CCK－8法检测慢病毒转染对c－kit＋CSCs 活力的影响。结果：成功分离培养获取 c－kit＋CSCs，流式细胞术鉴定显示其高表达 c－kit （为91．0％），低表达CD45及CD34；成功转染慢病毒的大鼠c－kit＋CSCs可表达绿色荧光，48 h后可稳定表达，感染复数（MOI）值为20时，荧光显微镜观察及流式细胞术结果均显示转染率达80％以上；ELISA结果示，Lv－EGFP－CGRP－CSCs组细胞上清液CGRP分泌量较Lv－EGFP－CSCs组和CSCs组增加（ P＜0．01）； CCK－8检测细胞活力的结果显示，慢病毒转染不影响c－kit＋CSCs的活力。结论：携带CGRP的慢病毒载体可成功转染至c－kit ＋CSCs，转染Lv－EG－FP－CGRP后的c－kit＋CSCs可合成和分泌CGRP蛋白至上清液中，且转染后c－kit＋CSCs的活力未受影响。这为基因工程细胞疗法治疗心肌梗死提供了新的理论及实验依据。
作者：荣季冬；李玲；龙仙萍；邓文文；石蓓 刊期： 2016年第08期
AIM:Increasing evidence suggests that carbohydrate-binding proteins play an essential role in tumor growth and metastasis .Ga-lectin-3, a multifunctional protein of an expanding family of β-galactoside-binding animal lectins , is the major nonintegrin cellular laminin-binding protein , and is implicated in a variety of biologic events , such as inflammation and angiogenesis .Because galectin-3 expression was shown to participate in mediating tumor angiogenesis and initiate signaling cascades in several diseases .We hypothe-sized that galectin-3 may promote pulmonary vascular endothelial neovascularization .METHODS:Hypoxic and MCT rat model of pul-monary artery remodeling was used .The mRNA and protein levels of galectin-3 in rats were measured by in situ hybrization and West-ern blot analysis.Endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, migration and tube formation were measured using MTT , cell scratch and Matri-gel assays, respectively.Protein expression was quantitated by Western blot analysis .LC 3A/B staining was detected with cellular im-munofluorescence staining .RESULTS:We found that galectin-3 was localized on the intima and adventitial wall .Galectin-3 was in-creased after rat hypoxia and MCT administration .Galectin-3 promoted EC proliferation , migration and tube formation , while its roles were reversed by RNA interference.Galectin-3 induced Atg 5, Beclin-1, LAMP-2, and LC 3A/B expression increases.Galectin-3 al-so increased LC 3A/B staining in ECs.Akt/mTOR and GSK-3βsignaling pathways were activated after galectin-3 treated ECs using its specific phosphorylation antibodies , while blocked it with LY294002 inhibited cell autophagy and EC dynamic alterations induced by galectin-3.CONCLUSION:These findings demonstrate that galectin-3 can induce an Akt signaling cascade leading to cell autoph-agy, and then the differentiation and angiogenesis of pulmonary artery endothelial cells .
作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期
目的：我们的前期实验发现，腺病毒中介的peroxiredoxin II （ Prx II）过表达可保护心肌细胞防止氧化应激所致的损伤，尽管这样，Prx II在器官和整体动物水平是否具有心肌保护作用，而且这一保护作用是否通过内质网应激发挥作用尚不清楚。方法：应用Langendorff系统构建离体心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型；结扎冠状动脉左前降支，缺血30 min再灌注30 min／3 h／24 h构建体内心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型。结果：离体心肌缺血再灌后，Prx II过表达小鼠心肌收缩大速率（＋dp／dtmax ）和心肌舒张大速率（－dp／dtmax ）恢复较正常对照组明显得到改善；Prx II心肌特异性过表达小鼠与野生型相比，离体和在体心肌缺血再灌后，心肌梗死面积均分别降低了69．13％和60．86％；体内心肌缺血再灌注，与野生型小鼠相比，Prx II心肌特异性过表达小鼠心肌细胞凋亡率降低了52．10％±5．32％；与野生型小鼠相比，Prx II心肌特异性过表达小鼠中内质网通路伴侣分子Hsp90、GRP94、PDI和p－eIF2α的表达量均明显降低（P＜0．05），但cleaved ATF6和XBP－1的表达量在2组小鼠中无明显差异。 p－Akt （Ser473）和p－Akt（Thr308）水平在野生型小鼠明显降低，在Prx II过表达小鼠中仍维持高表达水平（P ＜0．05）。结论：Prx II对缺血再灌注损伤心肌具有保护作用，其机制可能与拮抗p－eIF2α表达、增加p－Akt表达、阻断内质网应激启动的凋亡通路有关。
作者：王慧敏；石晓静；周文娟；耿雪鹏；姬亚歌；肖悦；黄欣；刘宏民；赵文 刊期： 2016年第08期
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-angiotensin (1-7) [Ang (1-7)]-Mas constitutes the vasoprotective axis and is demon-strated to antagonize the vascular pathophysiological effects of the classical renin -angiotensin system .We hypothesize that upregulation of ACE2-Ang (1-7) signaling protects endothelial function through reducing oxidative stress , thus resulting in beneficial outcome in di-abetes.Ex vivo treatment with Ang (1-7) augmented endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) in renal arteries from diabetic patients . Both Ang (1-7) infusion via osmotic pump (500 ng? kg -1? min-1 ) for 2 weeks and exogenous ACE 2 overexpression mediated by ad-enoviral ACE2 via tail vein injection rescued the impaired EDR and flow-mediated dilatation ( FMD) in db/db mice.Diminazene acetu-rate treatment (15 mg? kg-1? d-1 ) activated ACE2, increased the circulating Ang (1-7) level, and augmented EDR and FMD in db/db mouse arteries.In addition, activation of the ACE2-Ang (1-7) axis reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction de-termined by dihydroethidium staining , CM-H2DCFDA fluorescence imaging , and chemiluminescence assay in db/db mouse aortas and also in high-glucose-treated endothelial cells .Pharmacological benefits of ACE 2-Ang ( 1-7 ) upregulation on endothelial function were confirmed in ACE2 knockout mice both ex vivo and in vitro.We elucidate that the ACE2-Ang (1-7)-Mas axis serves as an important signal pathway in endothelial cell protection in diabetic mice , especially in diabetic human arteries .In summary, endogenous ACE2-Ang (1-7) activation or ACE2 overexpression preserves endothelial function in diabetic mice through increasing nitric oxide bioavail -ability and inhibiting oxidative stress , suggesting the therapeutic potential of ACE 2-Ang(1-7) axis activation against diabetic vasculop-athy.
作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期
目的：本研究拟探讨平滑肌蛋白22α（ SM22α）对血管平滑肌细胞（ VSMC）表面血小板源性生长因子受体β（ PDGFR－β）胞吞的影响，进而揭示SM22α对PDGFR－β活性调控的关键步骤———胞吞和泛素化动态平衡的影响及其对血管重构过程的调控作用。方法：PDGF刺激体外培养大鼠VSMC，考察siRNA敲低SM22α蛋白后不同时点的细胞中，激光共聚焦显微镜观察PDGFR－β在细胞膜分布的异同；利用活细胞工作站实时观察SM22α的表达对PDGFR－β在细胞内内吞体和溶酶体分布的异同；SM22α对c－Cbl或TRAF6等E3泛素连接酶活性的影响；siRNA敲低早期内吞体标志蛋白Rab5、再循环内吞体标志蛋白Rab4和Rab11、多泡体（ MVB）标志蛋白Rab7，观察SM22α对PDGFR－β亚细胞定位的变化及其与血管重构的关系。结果：研究发现，SM22α表达下调促进细胞表面的PDGFR－β的再循环过程，使PDGFR－β在细胞表面的分子数显著减少，激活信号分子Akt和p42／44磷酸化，促进PDGF诱导的VSMC生长、增殖和迁移过程，SM22α对PDGFR－β再循环的调控与血管重构过程密切相关。结论：PDGFR－β调控异常诱发的生物学行为改变是心血管疾病的主要细胞和分子生物学基础，我们的结果表明， SM22α可能通过影响PDGFR－β胞吞和泛素化动态平衡而影响其活性的调控，进而参与血管重构的病理生理过程，阐明其分子机制可为发掘基于影响PDGFR－β功能的心血管疾病药物设计提供新靶点。
作者：麻晓婷；窦永青；李晓坤；孟泽祺；韩梅；聂磊 刊期： 2016年第08期
目的：研究全反式维甲酸（ all－trans retinoic acid，ATRA）对胃癌细胞SGC－7901存活率与放射敏感性的影响，并讨论其可能的机制。方法：MTT法检测细胞存活率；平板克隆形成实验和流式细胞术分别检测细胞的放射敏感性和细胞周期；实时荧光定量PCR（ RT－qPCR）检测细胞中Bax、Bcl－2、survivin与NF－κB的mRNA表达。结果：ATRA可降低SGC－7901细胞存活率，当浓度到达8μmol／L时，抑制作用达到大；ATRA联合X射线处理后，与单纯放射处理相比，平均致死剂量（D0）和准阈剂量（Dq）显著变小（P＜0．05），且拟合的生存曲线明显下移；ATRA能显著降低放射诱导的细胞G2／M期阻滞，下调SGC－7901细胞Bcl－2与survivin的mRNA表达（ P＜0．05），上调Bax与NF－κB的mRNA表达（P＜0．05）。结论：ATRA能够增加胃癌细胞SGC－7901的凋亡及放射敏感性，可能与抑制细胞周期G2／M期的阻滞作用、下调Bcl－2与survivin mRNA表达和上调NF－κB与Bax mRNA表达有关。
作者：王艳萍；赵先群；张向东；许威；向晓辉 刊期： 2016年第08期
中国病理生理杂志
主管:中国科学技术协会
主办：中国病理生理学会
