李丽；张城林；赵茜；吴立玲
目的：葡萄糖转运体4（GLUT4）在球囊损伤血管新生内膜中高表达，而其转位过程依赖于肌动蛋白（actin）细胞骨架的调节。平滑肌蛋白22α（ smooth muscle protein 22α，SM22α）是一种actin细胞骨架相关蛋白，其在增殖性血管疾病中表达下调。本研究观察了SM22α是否参与血管损伤或者PDGF刺激诱导的GLUT4表达和转位活性升高。方法：用PDGF－BB刺激血管平滑肌细胞（ vascular smooth muscle cell ， VSMC），观察GLUT4膜转位和细胞骨架的变化；用荧光葡萄糖2－NBDG检测葡萄糖摄取；用特异性siRNA敲低内源性SM22α表达；BrdU实验检测细胞增殖；高效液相色谱法检测组织葡萄糖含量。结果：PDGF－BB诱导VSMCs GLUT4转位和葡萄糖摄取依赖于皮层F－actin聚合，而敲低SM22α促进这一过程。损伤新生内膜处GLUT4表达显著增加，PDGF－BB刺激促进细胞GLUT4表达和葡萄糖消耗，抑制GLUT4活性则显著降低细胞增殖活性。相对于WT组， SM22α－／－小鼠颈总动脉2－NBDG摄取显著增加，结扎后28 d新生内膜明显增厚，损伤动脉组织GLTU4转位和葡萄糖含量均明显升高。结论：PDGF－BB诱导的GLUT4转位和糖摄取参与VSMCs 增殖。缺失SM22α可诱导皮层细胞骨架聚合，增强PDGF－BB诱导的GLUT4膜转位和糖摄取及代谢活性。 SM22α是一种新的增殖相关糖代谢调节因子。
作者：赵丽丽；陈鹏；谢肖立；窦永青；聂磊；林燕玲；李晓坤；苗穗兵；董丽华；尹亚娟；张丹丹；宋昱；韩梅 刊期： 2016年第08期
目的：观察辛伐他汀（Sim）及缺血后处理（IPO）对肾缺血再灌注损伤（RI／RI）的影响。方法：采用夹闭双侧肾动、静脉45 min后松夹再灌的方法制RIRI模型。成年健康雄性SD大鼠，体重180～220 g，随机分为5组：假手术（ sham）组、溶剂对照（ sham＋V）组、缺血再灌注（ I／R）组、Sim组和IPO组。 Sim组每日给予辛伐他汀20 mg／kg灌胃，持续2周。 IPO组用无创动脉夹，夹闭双侧肾动、静脉45 min去夹后，行6个循环夹闭10 s／再灌10 s后处理。再灌注24 h后取腹主动脉血，测定血肌酐（SCr）和尿素氮（BUN）。取血后迅速摘取双侧肾脏，观察肾组织损伤程度，检测丙二醛（MDA）、一氧化氮（NO）、一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）含量及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性。结果：I／R组大鼠肾功能明显受损，BUN和SCr含量均明显高于sham组和sham＋V组（ P＜0．01）。与I／R组相比，Sim和IPO组BUN和SCr含量均明显降低（ P＜0．01）。 RI／RI后，I／R组SOD活性较sham组和sham＋V组显著降低（P＜0．05），MDA含量显著升高（P＜0．05）；与I／R组相比，Sim和IPO组SOD活性明显增加（P＜0．05），MDA含量则明显降低（P＜0．05）。 RI／RI后，I／R组NO及eNOS含量均明显低于sham组和sham＋V组（P＜0．05）；与I／R组相比，Sim和IPO组NO及eNOS含量均明显增加（P＜0．05）。 Sham组和sham＋V组Bcl－2与Bax蛋白无明显表达，I／R组Bax蛋白表达明显增多，而Bcl－2蛋白表达较少；与I／R组相比，Sim和IPO组Bax蛋白表达减少，而Bcl－2蛋白表达增加。结论：Sim和IPO减轻大鼠RI／RI的作用可能与清除氧自由基，抑制脂质过氧化和提高肾组织的抗氧化能力有关。
作者：谢怡华；牛丽静；王慧娟；苗智慧；夏晓红 刊期： 2016年第08期
目的：PKG在血管硝酸甘油（nitroglycerin， NTG）耐受形成中起重要作用，PI3K／Akt信号通路与血管张力调节关系密切，本研究旨在探讨该通路在NTG耐受形成中的作用及其机制。方法：通过猪离体冠状动脉孵育NTG（10－5 mol／L，24 h）建立离体NTG耐受模型；通过皮下注射NTG（20 mg／kg体重，每天3次，连续3 d）建立小鼠在体NTG耐受模型；运用离体血管环灌流、Western blot、实时定量PCR及免疫荧光等方法进行研究。结果：离体和在体研究表明，耐受组血管对硝酸甘油的舒张反应较对照组显著减弱，并且耐受组血管的p－Akt （Ser473）蛋白水平显著增加。 PI3K的特异阻断剂LY294002与NTG共孵育冠状动脉24 h，可显著抑制耐受组引起的p－Akt （Ser473）蛋白水平升高，同时部分改善了血管对NTG的反应性。耐受组冠状动脉PKG的蛋白和mRNA水平较对照组明显降低，且均可被LY294002所反转。耐受组血管的p－FoxO1（ Ser256）蛋白水平较对照组显著升高，且出现由胞核向胞浆的转位，以上现象均可被LY294002所阻断。结论：活化的PI3K／Akt通过促进FoxO1的出核，抑制了PKG的表达，从而导致NTG耐受。
作者：安苑铭；李妍静；张城林；丛馨；吴立玲；窦豆 刊期： 2016年第08期
家族性高胆固醇血症（ familial hypercholesterolemia ， FH）是一种常染色体显性单基因遗传性疾病。世界范围内FH杂合患者的发病率为1／500，纯合子患者症状严重，发病率为1／1000000。我们近诊断一位32岁女性FH伴早发冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者，血清总胆固醇含量12．99 mmol／L，其父母血脂水平正常。随后，我们应用高通量测序对患者及其母亲进行外显子组分析，测序数据首先与GRCh37数据库进行比对，将比对后检测到的同义突变、位于非编码区的突变以及数据库中已有的SNP筛除。根据其可能的遗传方式，按照常染色体隐性模式进一步筛选，发现148个插入／缺失突变，26个单碱基突变（包括1个无义突变和25个错义突变）；对基因突变位点功能筛查和验证分析后，终发现了一个新的隐性纯合基因突变。该突变为LDLR基因第15个外显子的无义突变位点，该外显子编码O－糖链接结构域。研究中分别构建LDLR基因野生型及突变型表达质粒， Western blot结果显示，突变后的LDLR蛋白仍然可以正常表达，推测发生在O－糖链接结构域的突变可能影响LDLR蛋白在细胞膜上的正确定位，从而无法正常清除血浆中的LDL，终导致FH的发生。本次研究发现了一个新的位于LDLR基因中的隐性纯合突变，进一步丰富了LDLR基因的突变研究数据，也为FH的基因诊断提供更多的依据。
作者：周颖超；查灵凤；曹祝兵；吴健飞；谢强；凃欣 刊期： 2016年第08期
AIM:Programmed necrosis ( necroptosis ) and apoptosis are crucially involved in multiple severe cardiac pathological conditions , including myocardial infarction, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and heart failure.Whereas apoptotic signaling is well defined, the mechanisms underlying cardiomyocyte necroptosis remain elusive .METHODS AND RESULTS:Here we show that both mRNA and protein levels of receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3) in the hearts are increased by I/R injury and doxorubicin (Dox) treatment. In mice, RIP3 deficiency ameliorates myocardial necroptosis and heart failure induced by I /R (30-min ischemia/4-h or 8-week reper-fusion) or Dox treatment (20 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg ×4, i.p.).RIP3 overexpression induces cardiomyocyte necroptosis evidenced by de-creased intracellular ATP level and increased lactate dehydrogenase concentration in cell culture medium .RIP3 triggers myocardial ne-croptosis via activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), rather than the well-established RIP3 partners, RIP1 and MLKL (mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein).Specifically, our data indicate that I/R and Dox markedly activate myo-cardial CaMKII in wild-type but not RIP3-deficient mice , and that CaMKII inhibition or RIP 3 deficiency protect the heart from I/R-and Dox-induced cardiomyocyte necroptosis , cardiac remodeling and heart failure .Mechanistically , RIP3 activates CaMKII via both di-rect phosphorylation and indirect reactive oxidative species-dependent oxidation , and subsequently triggers opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore ( mPTP) and myocardial necroptosis .CONCLUSION: These findings identify CaMKII as a novel RIP 3 substrate and delineate a RIP3-CaMKII-mPTP myocardial necroptosis pathway , a promising target for the treatment of cardiac ischemic and oxidative damage , and heart failure .
作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期
目的：探讨高盐饮食对Dahl盐敏感大鼠肾小管上皮向间质转化（ EMT ）和肾脏纤维化的影响。方法：7～8周龄雄性Dahl盐敏感大鼠（SS， n＝24）及SS－13BN大鼠（13BN， n＝12），高盐、正常饮食干预4周与8周，测血压及血尿生化指标；用Masson染色评估肾脏纤维化程度；免疫组化和实时定量PCR检测肾小管上皮标志E－cadherin和间质细胞标志α－SMA mRNA和蛋白的表达情况。结果：（1）相较基线期，SS和13BN大鼠干预后收缩压增高，SS大鼠增高幅度更为明显；8周高盐干预时血压显著高于4周（P＜0．01）。（2）4周高盐负荷后，2种大鼠肾脏均出现胶原纤维沉积，且SS高盐组多于13BN高盐组。8周时， SS高盐组肾小球和间质胶原沉积较4周进一步加重。（3）4周和8周高盐干预后，与SS正常饮食组相比，SS高盐组肾脏E－cadherin表达显著减少，α－SMA 表达明显增加。（4）肾脏纤维化程度与与肾小管EMT 的发生显著相关（ E－cadherin： r ＝－0．787；α－SMA：r＝0．866）。结论：高盐饮食可诱导Dahl盐敏感大鼠肾小管上皮细胞EMT的发生，促进肾脏纤维化。
作者：汪洋；牟建军；褚超；吕永波 刊期： 2016年第08期
AIM:We investigated how AT 1-R stimulated by mechanical stresses induces cardiac fibrosis .METHODS:We produced in vivo cardiac pressure overload model in angiotensinogen knockout ( ATG-/-) mice and in vitro mechanically-stretched cell model in cultured neonatal cardiac cells of ATG-/-mice both lack the participation of Ang II .RESULTS: Pressure overload for 4 weeks in ATG-/-mice induced myocardial hypertrophy accompanied by the significant interstitial fibrosis , however , the TGF-β, a key regulatory factor of fibrosis, was not significantly increased in these ATG-/-mice.Meanwhile, the inhibitor for AT1-R significantly inhibited mechani-cal stress-induced cardiac fibrosis in these ATG-/-models whereas inhibition of TGF-βdid not.CONCLUSION:The results showed that mechanical stress-induced fibrotic responses through AT 1-R required the phosphorylation of Smad 2 but not the involvement of TGF-β.
作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期
目的：本研究主要探讨HSPB1如何调控细胞的氧化还原状态从而发挥抗心肌损伤的作用。方法：以过氧化氢（ H2 O2）诱导的H9c2心肌细胞氧化应激损伤为模型，转染HSP25表达质粒或小分子干扰RNA，观察细胞存活率、LDH水平、细胞凋亡、活性氧水平、谷胱甘肽含量和GSH／GSSG比值的变化，非还原变性蛋白质印迹检测谷氧还蛋白1（Trx1）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ GR）氧化还原状态的改变。结果：HSPB1过表达抑制H2 O2所致的LDH释放以及caspase 3和PARP的断裂；HSPB1过表达不能减少过氧化氢引起的活性氧水平增加和不能增加细胞内GSH的含量，但可抑制H2 O2所致的GSH／GSSG比值的降低。非还原性蛋白质印迹显示HSPB1过表达明显减少了H2 O2所致的GR和Trx1的氧化。 HSPB1表达下调促进H2 O2所致的细胞死亡、LDH释放以及caspase 3和PARP的断裂，以及GSH／GSSG比值的下降；同时，非还原性蛋白质印迹显示HSPB1表达下调明显增加了H2 O2所致的GR和Trx1的氧化。结论：HSPB1在心肌细胞氧化应激损伤中通过调控GR和Trx1的氧化还原状态起到抗细胞凋亡的作用。
作者：刘协红；刘丽云；王莉；刘可；刘梅冬；刘瑛；肖献忠；张华莉 刊期： 2016年第08期
长链非编码RNA（ long noncoding RNA ，lncRNA）是一类转录本长度超过200个核苷酸的RNA分子，是RNA聚合酶II转录的副产物，起初它被认为是基因组转录的“噪音”，不具有生物学功能。近些年来的研究表明，lncRNA参与了X染色体沉默，基因组印记以及染色质修饰，转录激活，转录干扰，核内运输等多种重要的调控过程，lncRNA的这些调控作用也开始引起人们广泛关注。而且越来越多的研究表明，lncRNA 可通过调控多种细胞的增殖、凋亡、损伤、自噬和分化等过程，进而在心血管疾病的发生发展过程中发挥重要的生物学功能。本文主要就ln－cRNA 在心血管疾病中作用的新研究进展作一综述。
作者：覃伟峰；仉红刚 刊期： 2016年第08期
目的：观察超声心动图斑点追踪方法能否早期发现和诊断异丙基肾上腺素（isoprenaline，ISO）引起的心脏功能异常。方法：将成年C57雄性小鼠分为对照组、ISO给药后3 d组和ISO给药后7 d组3组（ n＝6）。 ISO组均为一次性给予ISO 5 mg／kg皮下注射，对照组给予生理盐水皮下注射，分别于给药后3d和7d应用传统超声心动图方法以及斑点追踪方法评价小鼠心脏功能。结果：包括径向应变（radial strain，RS）、径向应变率（radial strain rate，RSR）和纵向应变（longitudinal strain，LS）在内的心脏应变分析指标，均在ISO注射后3 d开始显著降低。另外，与心肌梗死的局灶性改变不同，ISO诱导的心肌肥厚在应变分析中表现为全心功能的异常。而相比之下，传统超声心动图仅能在ISO注射后7 d检测出E／E’显著升高，提示心脏舒张功能异常，而反映收缩功能的左室短轴缩短率（ FS），以及反映心脏舒张功能的另外2个指标E／A和E’／A’均无显著差异。此外，心脏应变异常仅发生在ISO诱导的病理性心肌肥厚中，而并不出现在跑步训练诱导的生理性心肌肥厚中。结论：本研究发现基于超声心动图斑点追踪技术的心脏应变分析对心脏功能障碍的早期诊断比传统超声心动图更为敏感，而且可以用于区分病理性与生理性心肌肥厚。
作者：安祥博；张幼怡；宋峣 刊期： 2016年第08期
目的：C1q／肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白－3（CTRP3）是一种脂肪细胞因子，它与多种代谢性及心血管疾病密切相关，但CTRP3对线粒体生物生成的影响尚不清楚。本研究主要探讨CTRP3对心肌细胞线粒体生物生成的影响及相关机制。方法：原代培养乳大鼠心肌细胞并给予CTRP3处理。使用PCR、Western blot和免疫共沉淀等方法分别检测线粒体生物生成相关蛋白、线粒体DNA拷贝数、ATP含量和sirtuin 1（ SIRT1）活性的变化。结果：CTRP3显著增加过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体共激活因子1α（ PGC－1α）、核呼吸因子1（ NRF－1）、线粒体转录因子A（ TFAM）、线粒体氧化磷酸化复合物III和V的表达。 CTRP3显著升高心肌线粒体DNA拷贝数和ATP含量，而在心肌细胞中敲低PGC－1α可使上述效应减弱。预孵育腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶（ AMPK）的抑制剂AraA可以逆转由CTRP3引起的NRF－1、TFAM和复合物III、V的表达升高。 CTRP3可上调SIRT1的表达和活性，SIRT1抑制剂EX－527可阻断CTRP3对PGC－1α的去乙酰化调节作用。此外，CTRP3对SIRT1表达和活性的促进作用也可被AraA所阻断。结论：CTRP3通过AMPK／PGC－1α通路促进心肌细胞线粒体生物生成。
作者：张城林；冯寒；李丽；王瑾瑜；张艳；吴立玲 刊期： 2016年第08期
AIM:To investigate the relationship between polyamine metabolism and hypoxia /ischemia ( H/I)-induced cell apoptosis and to determine the mechanisms by which exogenous spermine protects cell apoptosis against AMI in rats .METHOD:The left anterior de-scending coronary artery ( LAD) of the Wistar rats were ligated , and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were placed under hypoxic conditions for 24 h to establish the model of AMI (or H/I).Exogenous spermine was administered by intraperitoneal injection (2.5 mg/kg daily for 7 days) in vitro and subjected to the cell medium at 5μmol/L as a pre-treatment therapy.RESULTS:AMI (or H/I) induced an increase in polyamine catabolized enzyme SSAT and a decrease in polyamine biosynthesis enzyme ODC , which result in endogenous spermine and spermidine decrease and putrescine increase .At the same time, AMI ( or H/I) lowered cardiac function , increased cTnI and CK-MB concentrations , aggravated myocardial infarct size , cardiomyocyte damage and apoptosis , raised ROS generation , increased the expression of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related proteins, promoted the release of cytochrome C and mPTP opening , down-regulated Bcl-2 expression and the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2, PI3K, Akt and GSK-3β, and activated PERK and eIF 2αphosphorylation .Spermine pre-treatment reversed the above-motioned changes .CONCLUSION:AMI ( or H/I ) could induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis and polyamine metabolism disorder .Exogenous spermine attenuates cardiac injury through scavenging the ROS and inhibiting mPTP opening and ERS injury .These findings provide a novel target for the prevention of apoptosis in the setting of AMI .
作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期
AIM:Increasing evidence suggests that carbohydrate-binding proteins play an essential role in tumor growth and metastasis .Ga-lectin-3, a multifunctional protein of an expanding family of β-galactoside-binding animal lectins , is the major nonintegrin cellular laminin-binding protein , and is implicated in a variety of biologic events , such as inflammation and angiogenesis .Because galectin-3 expression was shown to participate in mediating tumor angiogenesis and initiate signaling cascades in several diseases .We hypothe-sized that galectin-3 may promote pulmonary vascular endothelial neovascularization .METHODS:Hypoxic and MCT rat model of pul-monary artery remodeling was used .The mRNA and protein levels of galectin-3 in rats were measured by in situ hybrization and West-ern blot analysis.Endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, migration and tube formation were measured using MTT , cell scratch and Matri-gel assays, respectively.Protein expression was quantitated by Western blot analysis .LC 3A/B staining was detected with cellular im-munofluorescence staining .RESULTS:We found that galectin-3 was localized on the intima and adventitial wall .Galectin-3 was in-creased after rat hypoxia and MCT administration .Galectin-3 promoted EC proliferation , migration and tube formation , while its roles were reversed by RNA interference.Galectin-3 induced Atg 5, Beclin-1, LAMP-2, and LC 3A/B expression increases.Galectin-3 al-so increased LC 3A/B staining in ECs.Akt/mTOR and GSK-3βsignaling pathways were activated after galectin-3 treated ECs using its specific phosphorylation antibodies , while blocked it with LY294002 inhibited cell autophagy and EC dynamic alterations induced by galectin-3.CONCLUSION:These findings demonstrate that galectin-3 can induce an Akt signaling cascade leading to cell autoph-agy, and then the differentiation and angiogenesis of pulmonary artery endothelial cells .
作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期
AIM:There is little evidence proving the molecular mechanism of WenxinKeli ( WXKL) .This study tried to explore the gene ex-pression profile and pathology alteration of WXKL-treated rabbits with myocardial infarction .METHOD: Twenty male adult rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups:sham, model, WXKL and captopril groups .Model, WXKL and captopril groups underwent the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery , while sham group went through an identical procedure without ligation .WXKL (817 mg? kg-1? d-1), captopril (8 mg? kg -1? d-1) and distilled water (model and sham) were administered orally to the rabbits. 4 weeks later, hearts were taken out for expression chip and pathological staining (HE, Masson and TUNEL) after echocardiography. RESULT:WXKL could down-regulate genes associated with inflammation (CX3CR1, MRC1, and FPR1), apoptosis (cathepsin C and TTC5) and neuro-hormonal system (ACE and EDN1), and up-regulate angiogenesis promoting gene like RSPO 3, which explained why WXKL group represented with better cardiac function , less histopathological injury and slighter apoptosis .CONCLUSION:WXKL plays an important role in suppressing inflammation , inhibiting renin-angiotensin system and alleviating apoptosis , and might be a promising Chinese medicine in treating patients with myocardial infarction .
作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期
目的：建立体外培养人肺内微小动脉的方法，并观察其收缩的基本特性，为研究药物及各种活性因子对人肺血管的长期作用提供有效的实验模型。方法：取癌旁5 cm以上的肺组织，于冰浴和无菌条件下，利用显微操作分离出肺内微小动脉，制备成1．8～2．0 mm长的血管条，分2组，一组急性分离组（新鲜组）马上进行血管张力测定；另一组（培养组）置于含DMEM－F12培养基（内含10％胎牛血清、1％青链霉素）的培养皿内，通以95％O2、5％CO2混合气，在37℃的条件下培养48 h。进行血管张力测定时，用2根直径40μm的不锈钢丝平行穿过血管腔，钢丝的4个端分别固定于微血管张力测定仪浴槽内钳夹的4个螺丝上，采用累积给药法，分别给予血管受体依赖性收缩剂血栓素A2类似物U46619和内皮素－1（ET－1），血管非受体依赖性收缩剂60 mmol／L KCl，然后测定血管的张力变化。结果：培养组对血管收缩剂U46619和ET－1能产生浓度依赖性收缩，U46619的pD2为7．60±0．10，Emax为（136．40±6．17）％；ET－1的pD2为（7．17±0．22），Emax为（137．14±5．52）％，结果类似于新鲜组， U46619的pD2为7．78±0．11，Emax为（131．29±3．79）％；ET－1的pD2为7．53±0．15，Emax为（139．11±6．66）％，两组比较均无显著差异。培养组对血管非受体依赖性收缩剂60 mmol／L KCl产生的收缩力Emax为（7．67±0．85） mN；新鲜组的Emax为（7．73±0．97） mN，两组比较无显著差异。结论：采用血管器官培养的方法培养人肺内微小动脉48 h，能维持血管平滑肌的基本收缩特性，可作为研究各种物质对血管长效作用的有效模型。
作者：邝素娟；杨慧；李晓红；刘晓颖；饶芳；单志新；林秋雄；杨敏；余细勇；吴书林；邓春玉 刊期： 2016年第08期
AIM:The 50-Hz magnetic field (MF) is a potential health-risk factor.Its effects on the cardiovascular system have not been fully investigated .This study was conducted to explore the effects of long-term exposure to 50-Hz MF on the cardiovascular system . METHODS:In the study , an exposure system was constructed and the distribution of 50-Hz MF was detected .Sixty-four Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to 50-Hz MF at 100 μT for 24 weeks, 20 hours per day, while another 64 rats were sham exposed. During the exposure, blood pressure was measured every 4 weeks, and 24 weeks later, echocardiography, cardiac catheterisation and electrocardiography were performed .Moreover , heart and body weight were recorded , while haematoxylin-eosin staining and real-time PCR were conducted .RESULTS:The results showed that compared with the sham group , exposure to 50-Hz MF did not exert any effect on blood pressure, pulse rate, heart rate and cardiac rhythm.Further, echocardiography and cardiac catheterisation showed that there were no significant differences in the cardiac morphology and haemodynamics .In addition , histopathological examination showed that 50-Hz MF exposure had no effect on the structure of hearts .Finally, the expression of the cardiac hypertrophic relative genes did not show any significant differences between 50-Hz MF exposure group and the sham group .CONCLUSION: Taken together , in SD rats, exposure to 50-Hz/100-μT MF for 24 weeks did not show any obvious effects on the cardiovascular system .
作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期
AIM:The direct renin inhibitor aliskiren displays antihypertensive and antialbuminuric effects in humans and in animal models . Emerging evidence has shown that aliskiren localizes and persists in medullary collecting ducts even after treatment was discontinued . The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether aliskiren regulates renal aquaporin expression and improves urinary concen -trating defect induced by lithium .METHODS:The mice were either fed with normal chow or LiCl diet (40 mmol/kg dry food per day for first 4 days and 20 mmol/kg dry food per day for last 3 days ) for seven days .Some mice were intraperitoneally injected aliskiren ( 50 mg/kg BW per day in saline ) .RESULTS:Mice injected aliskiren developed decreased urine output and increased urine osmolal -ity when compared with controls .Aliskiren significantly increased protein abundance of AQP 2 and phosphorylated-S256 AQP2 in the kidney inner medulla .Immunohistochemistry and immunofluoresence showed increased apical and intracellular labeling of AQP 2 and pS256-AQP2 in collecting duct principal cells of kidneys in mice treated with aliskiren .Aliskiren treatment prevented urinary concen-trating defect in lithium-treated mice , and improved the downregulation of AQP 2 and pS256-AQP2 protein abundance in inner medulla of the kidney .In primary cultured rat inner medulla collecting duct cells , aliskiren dramatically increased AQP 2 protein abundance which was significantly inhibited either by PKA inhibitor H 89 or by adenylyl cyclase inhibitor MDL 12330, indicating an involvement of the cAMP signalling pathway in mediating aliskiren-induced increased AQP 2 expression .CONCLUSION: The direct renin inhibitor aliskiren upregulates AQP 2 protein expression in inner medullary collecting duct principal cells and prevents lithium -induced nephro-genic diabetes insipidus ( NDI) likely via PKA-cAMP pathways .
作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期
目的：本研究旨在探讨人核心聚糖蛋白decorin是否可以缓解糖尿病心肌病并对其中机制进行探索。方法：在本研究中，采用Wistar大鼠作为研究对象，通过腹腔注射链唑霉素并采用高脂饮食喂养6个月诱导糖尿病心肌病模型。通过重组腺相关病毒介导大鼠心脏高表达decorin。在体外研究中，通过高浓度葡萄糖模拟在体高血糖刺激，并在人脐静脉内皮细胞中高表达decorin，通过研究细胞凋亡水平、成管能力、迁移能力和增殖能力，观察其对内皮细胞的保护效应。结果：结果显示，糖尿病心肌病大鼠表现为毛细血管密度减低、心肌纤维化以及心脏功能受损，而过表达decorin可以促进血管内皮生长因子（ VEGF）的表达，增加血管密度，减轻心肌纤维化并缓解糖尿病心肌病大鼠的心脏功能。同时，体外研究结果也表明，高糖可以抑制IGF1R／AKT通路，抑制VEGF的表达，诱导内皮细胞的凋亡增加，抑制细胞的成管能力、迁移能力和增殖能力，而过表达deco－rin则缓解了上述效应。另外，抗IGF1R抗体预处理或者AKT抑制剂处理可以阻断decorin的保护作用。结论：Decorin可以通过激活IGF1R／AKT通路，上调VEGF的表达并促进血管生成，从而缓解糖尿病心肌病。
作者：唐家荣；赖金胜；陈复琼 刊期： 2016年第08期
AIM:Increasing evidence indicates that inflammation contributes to the initiation and perpetuation of atrial fibrillation ( AF) .Al-though tumor necrosis factor ( TNF)-αlevels are increased in patients with AF , the role of TNF-αin the pathogenesis of AF remains unclear.Recent research has revealed that T-type Ca2+currents ( ICa,T ) play an important role in the pathogenesis of AF .METH-ODS:In this study , we used the whole-cell voltage-clamp technique and biochemical assays to explore the role of TNF-αin the regula-tion of ICa,T in atrial myocytes.RESULTS:We found that compared with sinus rhythm (SR) controls, T-type calcium channel (TCC) subunit mRNA levels were decreased , while TNF-αexpression levels were increased , in human atrial tissue from patients with AF .In murine atrial myocyte HL-1 cells, after cultured for 24 h, 12.5, 25 and 50 μg/L TNF-αsignificantly reduced the protein expression levels of the TCC α1G subunit in a concentration-dependent manner .The peak current was reduced by the application of 12.5 or 25μg/L TNF-αin a concentration-dependent manner [from ( -15.08 ±1.11) pA/pF in controls to ( -11.89 ±0.83) pA/pF and (-8.54 ±1.55) pA/pF in 12.5 and 25 μg/L TNF-αgroups, respectively].TNF-αapplication also inhibited voltage-dependent inactivation of ICa,T shifted the inactivation curve to the left .CONCLUSION:These results suggest that TNF-αis involved in the path-ogenesis of AF, probably via decreasing ICa,T function in atrium-derived myocytes through impaired channel function and down -regula-tion of channel protein expression .This pathway thus represents a potential pathogenic mechanism in AF .
作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期
AIM:To explore whether YAP protein is important in induced pluripotent stem cell ( iPSC)-induced cardiovascular progenitor cell and/or vascular smooth muscle differentiation .METHODS:Using episomal vector based reprogramming , we generated human iPSCs from donor fibroblasts .We used both this iPSCs and human H 1 embryonic stem cells to differentiate into vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through cardiovascular progenitor cells (CVPC).Western blotting, qPCR and immunofluorescence microscopy were used to check the expression of YAP and related genes during this differentiation process .RESULTS:The results showed that iPSCs expressed pluripotent stem cell markers, such as Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, TRA-1-60 and SSEA3, and could form teratoma in SCID mice.YAP was highly expressed in pluripotent stem cells , but dramatically decreased when CVPC differentiation started .YAP gradually increased dur-ing CVPC three-day differentiation.The TAZ and YAP binding partner TEAD1, but not TEAD2 and TEAD4, have similar expression pattern in CVPC differentiation .Immunofluorescence result confirmed that YAP was activated and accumulated in nucleus .Interesting-ly, both YAP and phosphorylated YAP expression decreased to very low level after CVPC differentiated into VSMCs in 7 days.TEAD4 and TAZ also decreased, while TEAD1, TEAD2 and TEAD3 expression did not change during VSMC differentiation .CONCLU-SION:YAP and TEAD1 expression increased during CVPC differentiation , while YAP and TEAD4 expression decreased from CVPC to VSMCs differentiation , which suggested YAP might have different function during diverse cell differentiation .
作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期
中国病理生理杂志
主管:中国科学技术协会
主办：中国病理生理学会
