NQO1过表达在卵巢黏液性囊腺癌预后评估中的意义

目的：探讨NAD（P）H醌氧化还原酶1[NAD（P）H－quinone oxidoreductase 1，NQO1]过表达在卵巢黏液性囊腺癌临床预后评估中的意义。方法：应用免疫组化EnVision法检测NQO1蛋白在162例卵巢黏液性囊腺癌组织、35例卵巢黏液性囊腺瘤组织和29例正常卵巢上皮组织中的表达，并分析其过表达与卵巢黏液性囊腺癌临床病理学特点之间的关系，通过Kaplan－Meier方法进行生存分析。结果：NQO1蛋白在卵巢黏液性囊腺癌组织中的阳性率及强阳性率分别为85．8％和64．2％，显著高于卵巢黏液性囊腺瘤和正常卵巢上皮组织（P＜0．01）。卡方检验结果显示，NQO1蛋白高表达与卵巢黏液性囊腺癌组织学分级和FIGO分期密切相关（ P＜0．05）。 Kaplan－Meier生存分析显示，NQO1蛋白高表达的卵巢黏液性囊腺癌患者总生存期和无病生存期均明显低于NQO1蛋白低表达患者。结论：NQO1蛋白在卵巢黏液性囊腺癌组织中呈高表达，可能成为卵巢黏液性囊腺癌预后评估的有效生物学指标。

作者：徐明；杨洋；车拴龙；朴英实；林贞花；陈丽艳 刊期： 2016年第08期

感染负荷参与动脉粥样硬化炎症反应的相关机制研究

目的：感染负荷被认为是动脉粥样硬化（ AS）新的独立危险因素。金黄色葡萄球菌（ S．aureus）是临床常见的致病菌之一。本课题组前期研究发现，金黄色葡萄球菌超抗原样蛋白－5（SSL5）可以激活血小板。我们推测，SSL5可能通过激活血小板而诱发炎症反应，探讨其机制可以为阐明感染负荷在AS中的作用提供新的实验证据。方法：体外培养人外周血单核细胞及THP－1细胞，以SSL5激活血小板所产生的微粒（ SSL5－PMPs）作用于上述细胞。结果：SSL5－PMPs呈时间和剂量依赖性地促进单核细胞IL－1β、TNF－α、MCP－1和MMP－9的表达；并促进MCP－1诱导的单核细胞迁移；阻断CD40L与CD40的相互作用，可以部分抑制SSL5－PMPs诱导单核细胞产生炎症介质；以siRNA下调单核细胞CD40或TRAF6基因的表达，导致SSL5－PMPs诱导单核细胞炎症介质的产生减少，并抑制NF－κB p65亚单位的磷酸化及核转位；阻断TLR4信号通路对SSL5－PMPs诱导单核细胞释放炎症介质没有影响。结论：SSL5可以激活血小板并产生PMPs；SSL5－PMPs与单核细胞结合，且主要与外周血中的具有促炎作用的单核细胞结合，促进炎性细胞因子的释放，CD40－TRAF6－NF－κB信号通路主要参与了这一过程。本研究为阐明感染负荷的致动脉粥样硬化机制提供了依据。

作者：胡厚源；贝俊杰；肇炜博 刊期： 2016年第08期

缺血后适应对树鼩海马ASIC2 a表达及微环境离子稳态调控机制的研究

目的：研究树鼩脑缺血及缺血后适应（postconditioning，PC）对酸敏感性离子通道（acid－sensing ion channel，ASIC）2a表达及海马微环境离子稳态性的影响，探讨ASIC2a在PC脑保护效应中的作用机制。方法：建立光化学诱导的树鼩血栓性脑缺血模型及PC模型，在观察脑组织病理形态学改变的基础上，利用单泵等速微灌流系统对海马离子微环境进行动态监测，并通过免疫组化、RT－PCR及Western blotting技术对树鼩海马组织内ASIC2a的表达进行定位和定量研究。结果：树鼩皮层脑血栓形成后引起了同侧海马神经元的继发性损伤及海马神经元微环境的紊乱；PC处理可减轻海马神经元缺血损伤性改变，并使海马微环境离子稳态失衡得以明显改善；脑缺血诱导树鼩海马ASIC2a蛋白及mRNA表达一过性增强，PC处理使得ASIC2a表达水平更高、持续时间延长（P＜0．05）。结论：神经元微环境内离子稳态性异常是海马神经元继发性损伤的重要原因；PC可通过诱导ASIC2a表达上调，以强化机体内源性损伤防御机制，这也是其改善神经元微环境离子稳态性、提高缺血耐受性的关键所在。

作者：陈静；李树清 刊期： 2016年第08期

全反式维甲酸增加胃癌细胞对放射的敏感性

目的：研究全反式维甲酸（ all－trans retinoic acid，ATRA）对胃癌细胞SGC－7901存活率与放射敏感性的影响，并讨论其可能的机制。方法：MTT法检测细胞存活率；平板克隆形成实验和流式细胞术分别检测细胞的放射敏感性和细胞周期；实时荧光定量PCR（ RT－qPCR）检测细胞中Bax、Bcl－2、survivin与NF－κB的mRNA表达。结果：ATRA可降低SGC－7901细胞存活率，当浓度到达8μmol／L时，抑制作用达到大；ATRA联合X射线处理后，与单纯放射处理相比，平均致死剂量（D0）和准阈剂量（Dq）显著变小（P＜0．05），且拟合的生存曲线明显下移；ATRA能显著降低放射诱导的细胞G2／M期阻滞，下调SGC－7901细胞Bcl－2与survivin的mRNA表达（ P＜0．05），上调Bax与NF－κB的mRNA表达（P＜0．05）。结论：ATRA能够增加胃癌细胞SGC－7901的凋亡及放射敏感性，可能与抑制细胞周期G2／M期的阻滞作用、下调Bcl－2与survivin mRNA表达和上调NF－κB与Bax mRNA表达有关。

作者：王艳萍；赵先群；张向东；许威；向晓辉 刊期： 2016年第08期

短暂反复缺血预处理对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的：观察短暂反复缺血预处理（IPC）对肾缺血再灌注损伤（RI／RI）的影响。方法：成年健康雄性SD大鼠，体重150～180 g，随机分为：假手术（sham）组；缺血再灌（I／R）组；缺血预处理1次＋缺血再灌（1＋I／R）组；缺血预处理2次＋缺血再灌（2＋I／R）组；缺血预处理3次＋缺血再灌（3＋I／R）组。各组动物经1％戊巴比妥钠腹腔麻醉，开腹，暴露双侧肾动静脉。假手术组只开腹不夹闭双侧肾动静脉；I／R组夹闭双侧肾动静脉45 min后松夹再灌；1＋I／R、2＋I／R和3＋I／R各组则分别夹闭双侧肾动、静脉5 min后再灌5 min 1次、2次和3次后再行夹闭双侧肾动静脉45 min后松夹再灌；再灌后逐层缝合腹膜，腹壁肌肉和皮肤。24 h后取血及双侧肾脏测定血清肌酐（ SCr）、血尿素氮（ BUN）以及肾组织丙二醛（ MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的水平。结果：与I／R组相比，1＋I／R、2＋I／R和3＋I／R组BUN和SCr均明显降低（P＜0．05），其中以3＋I／R组BUN和SCr降低程度为著；I／R组MDA含量较sham组显著升高；SOD活力则较sham组明显降低（P＜0．01）；与I／R组相比，1＋I／R、2＋I／R和3＋I／R组SOD活力均明显增加，而MDA含量则明显降低（P＜0．05），其中以3＋I／R组MDA含量降低得为显著。结论：短暂反复IPC可改善RI／RI大鼠肾功能，减轻肾组织损伤。

作者：仝飞；牛丽静；王慧娟；苗智慧；夏晓红 刊期： 2016年第08期

高盐饮食对Dahl盐敏感大鼠肾小管上皮向间质转化和肾脏纤维化的影响

目的：探讨高盐饮食对Dahl盐敏感大鼠肾小管上皮向间质转化（ EMT ）和肾脏纤维化的影响。方法：7～8周龄雄性Dahl盐敏感大鼠（SS， n＝24）及SS－13BN大鼠（13BN， n＝12），高盐、正常饮食干预4周与8周，测血压及血尿生化指标；用Masson染色评估肾脏纤维化程度；免疫组化和实时定量PCR检测肾小管上皮标志E－cadherin和间质细胞标志α－SMA mRNA和蛋白的表达情况。结果：（1）相较基线期，SS和13BN大鼠干预后收缩压增高，SS大鼠增高幅度更为明显；8周高盐干预时血压显著高于4周（P＜0．01）。（2）4周高盐负荷后，2种大鼠肾脏均出现胶原纤维沉积，且SS高盐组多于13BN高盐组。8周时， SS高盐组肾小球和间质胶原沉积较4周进一步加重。（3）4周和8周高盐干预后，与SS正常饮食组相比，SS高盐组肾脏E－cadherin表达显著减少，α－SMA 表达明显增加。（4）肾脏纤维化程度与与肾小管EMT 的发生显著相关（ E－cadherin： r ＝－0．787；α－SMA：r＝0．866）。结论：高盐饮食可诱导Dahl盐敏感大鼠肾小管上皮细胞EMT的发生，促进肾脏纤维化。

作者：汪洋；牟建军；褚超；吕永波 刊期： 2016年第08期

张应变诱导分泌型miR－27 a调控GRK6在高血压内皮细胞异常增殖中的机制研究

目的：本研究旨在揭示高血压条件下血管平滑肌细胞（ vascular smooth muscle cells ， VSMCs ）响应高周期性张应变后调控血管内皮细胞（ endothelial cells ， ECs）异常增殖的可能机制。方法：在体条件下，构建腹主动脉缩窄型高血压大鼠模型；体外条件下，用FX－4000T张应变加载系统对VSMCs施加5％和15％的周期性张应变。结果：与正常组相比，高血压组大鼠胸主动脉ECs中GRK6的表达水平显著降低，ECs增殖水平显著上升；体内和体外条件均存在VSMCs 源性MPs （ VSMC－MPs）；miR－27a存在于 VSMC－MPs 中，并可靶向调控GRK6；15％周期张应变条件下产生的 VSMC－MPs 中miR－27a 的含量显著高于5％组，作用于ECs 后，15％组ECs 中miR－27a的水平显著高于5％组， GRK6的表达水平显著低于5％组， ECs 的增殖能力显著高于5％组；用从转染生物素连接的miR－27a （B－miR－27a）的VSMCs培养液中分离得到的MPs作用于ECs，在ECs中可以检测到B－miR－27a的存在；miR－27a正向调控ECs 的增殖，GRK6负向调控ECs 的增殖。结论：在高血压条件下，高周期性张应变促进VSMCs 分泌miR－27a，其可通过VSMC－MPs 转移到ECs 中，抑制GRK6表达，并终诱导ECs 异常增殖。

作者：王璐；姜宗来；齐颖新 刊期： 2016年第08期

AIM:To investigate the relationship between autophagy and calcification in vascular smooth muscle cells ( VSMCs) after platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB stimulation.METHODS:Cultured VSMCs were stimulated with PDGF-BB for different time, the expression of vascular calcification-related proteins and autophagy-related proteins were detected by Western blot .The interaction be-tween Beclin1 and PI3KC3 was detected by co-immunoprecipitation.RESULTS: The expression of BMP2 and ALP showed a trend from decline to rise.ALP slumped at 12 h, and BMP2 slumped at 6 h.Moreover, the expression of Beclin-1 showed a trend from riseto decline, and peaked at 12 h.The conversion of LC3-ⅠtoⅡincreased in a time-dependent manner , and peaked at 24 h.The ex-pression of BMP2 and ALP was increased in VSMCs incubated with PDGF-BB and autophagy inhibitor 3-MA, compared with PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMCs.Furthermore, the interaction between Beclin1 and PI3KC3 was enhanced at 6 h after PDGF-BB stimulated, peaked at 12 h, and kept in high level at 24 h.Moreover, the phosphorylation level of Beclin 1 was enhanced by PDGF-BB stimulation, and peaked at 6 h.CONCLUSION:Our findings demonstrate that PDGF-BB-induced autophagy inhibits VSMC calcification by en-hancing Beclin1 phosphorylation and interaction between Beclin 1 and PI3KC3.

作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期

BACKGROUND:Cytochrome P450 ( CYP) epoxygenases metabolize arachidonic acids ( AA) to form epoxyeicosatrienoic acids(EETs), which exert beneficial roles in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases , but little is known about its role on adventitial remo-deling.METHODS:We used C57BL/6J mice in vivo and primary rat adventitial fibroblasts ( AFs) in vitro treated with angiotensin II (Ang II) to investigate the effects of CYP2J2 gene delivery and exogenous EETs administration on adventitial remodeling .RESULTS:CYP/sEH system was found to exist in human adventitia , and involved in adventitial remodeling process .Exogenous EETs administra-tion significantly inhibited Ang II-induced AFs activation , characterized by differentiation , proliferation, migration, and collagen syn-thesis.These protective effects were partially reversed by PPARγantagonist GW9662 pretreatment or SOCS3 siRNA transfection.EETs suppressed Ang II-induced IκBαphosphorylation , subsequent NF-κB nuclear translocation via PPARγdependent signaling pathway in AFs.Additionally, EETs reduced Ang II-induced JAK2, STAT3 phosphorylation and subsequent phosphor-STAT3 nuclear transloca-tion, which were mediated by SOCS3 induction but independent of PPARγactivation.Furthermore, rAAV-CYP2J2 gene delivery re-duced vessel wall thickening , AFs differentiation , proliferation and collagen deposition in aortic adventitia induced by Ang II infusion , which were mediated by NF-κB and SOCS3/JAK/STAT signaling pathways in blood pressure-dependent and -independent manners , re-spectively.CONCLUSION:We concluded that CYP2J2 overexpression attenuated Ang II-induced adventitial remodeling via PPARγ-dependent NF-κB and PPARγ-independent SOCS 3/JAK/STAT inflammatory signaling pathways .

作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期

AIM:There is little evidence proving the molecular mechanism of WenxinKeli ( WXKL) .This study tried to explore the gene ex-pression profile and pathology alteration of WXKL-treated rabbits with myocardial infarction .METHOD: Twenty male adult rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups:sham, model, WXKL and captopril groups .Model, WXKL and captopril groups underwent the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery , while sham group went through an identical procedure without ligation .WXKL (817 mg? kg-1? d-1), captopril (8 mg? kg -1? d-1) and distilled water (model and sham) were administered orally to the rabbits. 4 weeks later, hearts were taken out for expression chip and pathological staining (HE, Masson and TUNEL) after echocardiography. RESULT:WXKL could down-regulate genes associated with inflammation (CX3CR1, MRC1, and FPR1), apoptosis (cathepsin C and TTC5) and neuro-hormonal system (ACE and EDN1), and up-regulate angiogenesis promoting gene like RSPO 3, which explained why WXKL group represented with better cardiac function , less histopathological injury and slighter apoptosis .CONCLUSION:WXKL plays an important role in suppressing inflammation , inhibiting renin-angiotensin system and alleviating apoptosis , and might be a promising Chinese medicine in treating patients with myocardial infarction .

作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期

AIM:To investigate the relationship between polyamine metabolism and hypoxia /ischemia ( H/I)-induced cell apoptosis and to determine the mechanisms by which exogenous spermine protects cell apoptosis against AMI in rats .METHOD:The left anterior de-scending coronary artery ( LAD) of the Wistar rats were ligated , and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were placed under hypoxic conditions for 24 h to establish the model of AMI (or H/I).Exogenous spermine was administered by intraperitoneal injection (2.5 mg/kg daily for 7 days) in vitro and subjected to the cell medium at 5μmol/L as a pre-treatment therapy.RESULTS:AMI (or H/I) induced an increase in polyamine catabolized enzyme SSAT and a decrease in polyamine biosynthesis enzyme ODC , which result in endogenous spermine and spermidine decrease and putrescine increase .At the same time, AMI ( or H/I) lowered cardiac function , increased cTnI and CK-MB concentrations , aggravated myocardial infarct size , cardiomyocyte damage and apoptosis , raised ROS generation , increased the expression of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related proteins, promoted the release of cytochrome C and mPTP opening , down-regulated Bcl-2 expression and the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2, PI3K, Akt and GSK-3β, and activated PERK and eIF 2αphosphorylation .Spermine pre-treatment reversed the above-motioned changes .CONCLUSION:AMI ( or H/I ) could induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis and polyamine metabolism disorder .Exogenous spermine attenuates cardiac injury through scavenging the ROS and inhibiting mPTP opening and ERS injury .These findings provide a novel target for the prevention of apoptosis in the setting of AMI .

作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期

AIM:To investigate the regulation mechanism for insufficient KChIP 2 expression induces Ito,f downregulation and arrhythmogene-sis in cardiac hypertrophy .METHODS:Bidirectional manipulations of MG 53 expression were performed by adenoviral overexpression of MG53 or knockdown of MG53 with RNA interference in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes with or without PE stimulation .Ito,f was re-corded with patch clamp in whole-cell mode 48 h after adenoviral transfection .Then the WT or MG53 knockout ( MG53 -/-) mouse model of left ventricular hypertrophy induced by transverse aortic constriction ( TAC) were used to detect the susceptibility to ventricu-lar arrhythmia.RESULTS: Here, we show muscle-specific MG53 regulates KChIP2 expression and Ito,f densities, where they are downregulated in hearts from MG53 knockout mice and MG53 knockdown rat cardiomyocytes , but upregulated in MG53 overexpressed cells.MG53 expression is decreased in phenylephrine ( PE)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and restoration of MG 53 rescues PE-induced downregulation of KChIP2 and Ito,f.Furthermore, MG53 is decreased in a mouse model of hypertrophy induced by transverse aortic constriction and ablation of MG 53 increases the susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmia by exaggerating Ito,f remodeling.CON-CLUSION:These findings establish MG53 as a novel regulator of Ito,f and its central role in arrhythmogenesis in hypertrophy .

作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期

隐性纯合LDLR基因突变发现与功能分析

家族性高胆固醇血症（ familial hypercholesterolemia ， FH）是一种常染色体显性单基因遗传性疾病。世界范围内FH杂合患者的发病率为1／500，纯合子患者症状严重，发病率为1／1000000。我们近诊断一位32岁女性FH伴早发冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者，血清总胆固醇含量12．99 mmol／L，其父母血脂水平正常。随后，我们应用高通量测序对患者及其母亲进行外显子组分析，测序数据首先与GRCh37数据库进行比对，将比对后检测到的同义突变、位于非编码区的突变以及数据库中已有的SNP筛除。根据其可能的遗传方式，按照常染色体隐性模式进一步筛选，发现148个插入／缺失突变，26个单碱基突变（包括1个无义突变和25个错义突变）；对基因突变位点功能筛查和验证分析后，终发现了一个新的隐性纯合基因突变。该突变为LDLR基因第15个外显子的无义突变位点，该外显子编码O－糖链接结构域。研究中分别构建LDLR基因野生型及突变型表达质粒， Western blot结果显示，突变后的LDLR蛋白仍然可以正常表达，推测发生在O－糖链接结构域的突变可能影响LDLR蛋白在细胞膜上的正确定位，从而无法正常清除血浆中的LDL，终导致FH的发生。本次研究发现了一个新的位于LDLR基因中的隐性纯合突变，进一步丰富了LDLR基因的突变研究数据，也为FH的基因诊断提供更多的依据。

作者：周颖超；查灵凤；曹祝兵；吴健飞；谢强；凃欣 刊期： 2016年第08期

IL－37抑制缺氧诱导的细胞凋亡的研究

目的：IL－37是白细胞介素－1家族成员，可调节血管生成，抑制肿瘤生长，对I／R损伤、炎症性肠道疾病和类风湿性关节炎等有保护作用。由于炎症反应能导致组织氧供应失衡，使局部组织细胞处在缺氧的微环境，因而，本实验主要针对IL－37是否在缺氧环境中发挥细胞保护作用进行研究。方法：分别给予1％和21％ O2培养上皮细胞。通过瞬时转染使细胞过表达IL－37，24 h后提取RNA和蛋白质。利用RT－PCR检测IL－37、TNF－α、IL－1、IL－6和CXCL2 mRNA的表达；利用Western blot 检测PARP的总蛋白和剪切蛋白的表达量。利用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果：缺氧时，细胞凋亡增加1．63倍，内源性IL－37和促炎因子mRNA水平的表达均显著增加，PARP总蛋白表达增加2．1倍。 IL－37可显著抑制缺氧诱导的细胞凋亡，并显著降低IL－6和CXCL2的mRNA水平，但其对可以修复DNA的PARP总蛋白的表达在缺氧时无明显作用， caspase－3剪切的PARP也无显著差异。结论：在缺氧环境中，IL－37作为固有免疫调节因子，可以通过抑制细胞凋亡，炎性因子IL－6和CXCL2的表达抑制局部的过度炎症反应。但TNF－αmRNA的表达和caspase－3剪切底物PARP的剪切蛋白无显著变化，提示IL－37不是通过减少TNF－α的表达、进而减少FADD和caspase－8的募集、再减少活化caspase－3的途径抑制细胞凋亡的。其具体抑制凋亡的机制有待进一步研究。

作者：周梦晨；姜桂青；李倩倩；王孟茹；廖玉华；凃欣 刊期： 2016年第08期

钠、钾干预对成人血清和尿中肾胺酶表达的影响

目的：动物实验表明高盐摄入可降低循环及肾脏中肾胺酶的表达水平。本研究拟探讨钠、钾摄入对成人血清和尿中肾胺酶表达的影响。方法：42名（28～65岁）来自中国北方农村的受试者参与了这项研究。所有受试者依次接受低盐饮食7 d（氯化钠3 g／d），高盐饮食7 d（氯化钠18 g／d），高盐补钾饮食7 d（氯化钠18 g＋氯化钾4．5 g／d）。血清及尿中肾胺酶水平用ELISA试剂盒进行检测。结果：低盐饮食期，血清中肾胺酶水平较基线期显著升高。低盐转向高盐饮食期时，血清肾胺酶水平随之下降，但同时给予补钾后，可阻止高盐所致的肾胺酶水平下降。尿中肾胺酶水平在高盐饮食期显著高于低盐期。高盐补钾期，尿中肾胺酶水平与单纯高盐期相比无显著差异，但显著高于低盐饮食期。24 h尿钠排泄与血清中肾胺酶水平呈负相关，与尿中肾胺酶水平呈正相关。结论：饮食中钠、钾含量的变化可显著影响中国人血清及尿中肾胺酶的表达水平。

作者：吕永波；汪洋；牟建军 刊期： 2016年第08期

钙敏感受体和多胺代谢紊乱在缺氧性肺动脉高压中的作用及其相关机制

目的：肺血管重构（PVR）是缺氧性肺动脉高压（HPH）的重要病理特征，机制不详。钙敏感受体（CaSR）是G蛋白耦联受体，多胺（ PA）是小分子生物胺，均具有重要生理功能，并参与许多疾病的发生。本文拟观察CaSR和PA在大鼠缺氧性PVR和HPH中的作用并探讨其机制。方法：建立大鼠缺氧在体模型和细胞模型（氮气或氯化钴诱导），检测CaSR、多胺代谢、PVR相关参数及其信号通路分子。结果：与正常组相比，缺氧组在肺动脉压升高的同时，肺动脉平滑肌细胞（ PASMCs ）的CaSR、SSAT（多胺降解关键酶）、增殖细胞核抗原（ PCNA）和骨桥蛋白（ OPN）的表达上调，细胞内钙、细胞存活率和细胞增殖指数（PI）显著升高，而ODC（多胺生物合成关键酶）、α－平滑肌肌动蛋白（α－SMA）和肌钙蛋白的表达明显下调，精胺含量降低。CaSR激动剂（氯化钆和新霉素）可增强但CASR拮抗剂（ NPS2390）可减弱缺氧效应。 PD98059（ MEK1抑制剂）和LY294002（PI3K抑制剂）可逆转PCNA表达上调和缺氧诱导的PI增加。低浓度外源性精胺能显著抑制缺氧诱导的PASMCs增殖，使细胞周期阻滞在G1／G0期，抑制cyclin D1表达，增加p27蛋白表达，抑制ERK1／2、PI3K和Akt蛋白磷酸化。结论：CaSR激活和多胺失衡通过活化MEK1／ERK1／2和PI3K／Akt通路，参与缺氧诱导PASMCs增殖、表型转换、肺血管重构和HPH。这些为HPH预防和治疗提供了新思路。

作者：魏璨；彭雪；李光伟；徐长庆 刊期： 2016年第08期

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-angiotensin (1-7) [Ang (1-7)]-Mas constitutes the vasoprotective axis and is demon-strated to antagonize the vascular pathophysiological effects of the classical renin -angiotensin system .We hypothesize that upregulation of ACE2-Ang (1-7) signaling protects endothelial function through reducing oxidative stress , thus resulting in beneficial outcome in di-abetes.Ex vivo treatment with Ang (1-7) augmented endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) in renal arteries from diabetic patients . Both Ang (1-7) infusion via osmotic pump (500 ng? kg -1? min-1 ) for 2 weeks and exogenous ACE 2 overexpression mediated by ad-enoviral ACE2 via tail vein injection rescued the impaired EDR and flow-mediated dilatation ( FMD) in db/db mice.Diminazene acetu-rate treatment (15 mg? kg-1? d-1 ) activated ACE2, increased the circulating Ang (1-7) level, and augmented EDR and FMD in db/db mouse arteries.In addition, activation of the ACE2-Ang (1-7) axis reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction de-termined by dihydroethidium staining , CM-H2DCFDA fluorescence imaging , and chemiluminescence assay in db/db mouse aortas and also in high-glucose-treated endothelial cells .Pharmacological benefits of ACE 2-Ang ( 1-7 ) upregulation on endothelial function were confirmed in ACE2 knockout mice both ex vivo and in vitro.We elucidate that the ACE2-Ang (1-7)-Mas axis serves as an important signal pathway in endothelial cell protection in diabetic mice , especially in diabetic human arteries .In summary, endogenous ACE2-Ang (1-7) activation or ACE2 overexpression preserves endothelial function in diabetic mice through increasing nitric oxide bioavail -ability and inhibiting oxidative stress , suggesting the therapeutic potential of ACE 2-Ang(1-7) axis activation against diabetic vasculop-athy.

作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期

人肺内微小动脉体外培养模型的建立及其收缩特性的观察

目的：建立体外培养人肺内微小动脉的方法，并观察其收缩的基本特性，为研究药物及各种活性因子对人肺血管的长期作用提供有效的实验模型。方法：取癌旁5 cm以上的肺组织，于冰浴和无菌条件下，利用显微操作分离出肺内微小动脉，制备成1．8～2．0 mm长的血管条，分2组，一组急性分离组（新鲜组）马上进行血管张力测定；另一组（培养组）置于含DMEM－F12培养基（内含10％胎牛血清、1％青链霉素）的培养皿内，通以95％O2、5％CO2混合气，在37℃的条件下培养48 h。进行血管张力测定时，用2根直径40μm的不锈钢丝平行穿过血管腔，钢丝的4个端分别固定于微血管张力测定仪浴槽内钳夹的4个螺丝上，采用累积给药法，分别给予血管受体依赖性收缩剂血栓素A2类似物U46619和内皮素－1（ET－1），血管非受体依赖性收缩剂60 mmol／L KCl，然后测定血管的张力变化。结果：培养组对血管收缩剂U46619和ET－1能产生浓度依赖性收缩，U46619的pD2为7．60±0．10，Emax为（136．40±6．17）％；ET－1的pD2为（7．17±0．22），Emax为（137．14±5．52）％，结果类似于新鲜组， U46619的pD2为7．78±0．11，Emax为（131．29±3．79）％；ET－1的pD2为7．53±0．15，Emax为（139．11±6．66）％，两组比较均无显著差异。培养组对血管非受体依赖性收缩剂60 mmol／L KCl产生的收缩力Emax为（7．67±0．85） mN；新鲜组的Emax为（7．73±0．97） mN，两组比较无显著差异。结论：采用血管器官培养的方法培养人肺内微小动脉48 h，能维持血管平滑肌的基本收缩特性，可作为研究各种物质对血管长效作用的有效模型。

作者：邝素娟；杨慧；李晓红；刘晓颖；饶芳；单志新；林秋雄；杨敏；余细勇；吴书林；邓春玉 刊期： 2016年第08期

外源性H2 S调控Nampt－Sirt3－CPT／LCAD乙酰化水平改善糖尿病心肌线粒体脂肪酸氧化

目的：Sirtuin 3（Sirt3）是线粒体中NAD＋依赖去乙酰化酶，通过赖氨酸乙酰化调节线粒体能量代谢。气体分子H2S具有抗氧化应激、蛋白质硫化和乙酰化等功能。本实验探讨外源性H2 S调控2型糖尿病心肌线粒体脂肪酸氧化及其关键酶的机制。方法及结果：采用db／db小鼠作为2型糖尿病动物模型，给予外源性H2 S作为治疗组（腹腔注射NaHS 30μg／kg 12周）。 Western blot及免疫荧光检测显示db／db小鼠心肌组织CSE的表达及H2 S含量均明显低于NaHS组。提取心肌组织线粒体，给予外源性H2 S组脂肪酸氧化水平、CPT及LCAD的活性及蛋白表达水平明显低于 db／db小鼠。 Co－IP及LC－MS／MS分析，结果显示在db／db小鼠中CPT及LCAD的乙酰化水平明显高于NaHS组，线粒体氧耗呼吸率及线粒体ATP含量明显低于NaHS组。 Western blot结果证实db／db小鼠心肌线粒体中Sirt3、Nampt的表达及NAD＋／NADH的比值明显低于给予外源性H2 S组。高糖高脂处理乳鼠心肌细胞，给予Nampt抑制剂FK866及NaHS，Sirt3的表达下降，但CPT及LCAD表达、活性及乙酰化水平明显增高。结论：本实验证实气体分子H2 S通过调控Nampt－Sirt3－CPT／LCAD乙酰化水平改善高糖高脂时心肌线粒体的脂肪酸氧化。

作者：孙宇；刘宁；郁向静；卢方浩；张林雪；张伟华 刊期： 2016年第08期

AIM:NLRP3 inflammasome was identified as the cellular machinery responsible for activation of inflammatory processes .The present study investigated whether the activation of NLRP 3 inflammasomes contributes to hyperhomocysteinemia ( HHcy)-induced in-flammation and atherosclerosis .METHODS:ApoE-/-mice were fed regular diet , high fat ( HF) diet or HF plus high methionine (HM) diet for 10 weeks.NLRP3 shRNA or scramble shRNA viral suspension was injected twice at the 2nd and the 6th weeks after HFHM treatment.The whole aortas and aortic root sections were stained with Oil Red O for atherosclerotic lesion .Plasma lipids, ho-mocysteine ( Hcy) , IL-1βand IL-18 levels were measured .We also examined the effect of Hcy on NLRP 3 inflammasomes activation in THP-1 differentiated macrophages in the presence or absence of NLRP 3 siRNA, caspase-1 inhibitor Z-WEHD-FMK, or antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine ( NAC) .RESULTS:HFHM treatment induced HHcy in ApoE-/-mice.Increased plasma levels of IL-1βand IL-18, aggravated macrophage infiltration into atherosclerotic lesion , and accelerated development of atherosclerosis were detected in HHcy mice, which were associated with the activation of NLRP 3 inflammasomes.Silencing the NLRP3 gene significantly suppressed NLRP3 inflammasomes activation , reduced plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines , attenuated macrophage infiltration , and improved HHcy-induced atherosclerosis .Moreover, we found that Hcy activated NLRP3 inflammasomes and promoted subsequent production of IL-1βand IL-18 in macrophages, which were blocked by NLRP3 gene silencing, Z-WEHD-FMK, or NAC.CONCLUSION:These data suggest that the activation of NLRP 3 inflammasomes contributes to HHcy-induced inflammation and atherosclerosis .Hcy activates NLRP3 inflammasomes in reactive oxygen species dependent pathway in macrophages .

作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期