仝飞；牛丽静；王慧娟；苗智慧；夏晓红
AIM:Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number variation (CNV), which reflects the oxidant-induced cell damage, has been observed in a wide range of human diseases .However, whether it correlates with heart failure , which is closely related to oxidative stress, has never been elucidated before .We aimed to systematically investigate the association between leukocyte mtDNA CNV and heart failure risk and prognosis .METHODS: A total of 1 700 hospitalized patients with heart failure and 1 700 age-and gender-matched community population were consecutively enrolled in this observational study , as well as 1 638 ( 96.4%) patients were fol-lowed prospectively for a median of 17 months (12~24 months).The relative mtDNA copy number in leukocyte of peripheral blood or cardiac tissue was measured in triplicate by quantitative real-time PCR method .RESULTS:Patients with heart failure possessed much lower relative mtDNA copy number compared with control subjects (P<0.01), especially for the patients with ischemic etiology (P<0.01).Patients with lower mtDNA copy number exhibited 1.7 times higher risk of heart failure ( P<0.01).Long-term follow-up (median 17 months) showed that decreased mtDNA copy number was significant associated with both increased cardiovascular deaths (P<0.01) and cardiovascular rehospitalization (P<0.01).After adjusted for the conventional risk factors and medications , lower mtDNA copy number were still significantly associated with 50% higher cardiovascular mortality (P <0.05).CONCLUSION:mtDNA copy number depletion is an independent risk factor for heart failure and predicted higher risk of cardiovascular deaths in patients with heart failure .
作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期
AIM:The 50-Hz magnetic field (MF) is a potential health-risk factor.Its effects on the cardiovascular system have not been fully investigated .This study was conducted to explore the effects of long-term exposure to 50-Hz MF on the cardiovascular system . METHODS:In the study , an exposure system was constructed and the distribution of 50-Hz MF was detected .Sixty-four Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to 50-Hz MF at 100 μT for 24 weeks, 20 hours per day, while another 64 rats were sham exposed. During the exposure, blood pressure was measured every 4 weeks, and 24 weeks later, echocardiography, cardiac catheterisation and electrocardiography were performed .Moreover , heart and body weight were recorded , while haematoxylin-eosin staining and real-time PCR were conducted .RESULTS:The results showed that compared with the sham group , exposure to 50-Hz MF did not exert any effect on blood pressure, pulse rate, heart rate and cardiac rhythm.Further, echocardiography and cardiac catheterisation showed that there were no significant differences in the cardiac morphology and haemodynamics .In addition , histopathological examination showed that 50-Hz MF exposure had no effect on the structure of hearts .Finally, the expression of the cardiac hypertrophic relative genes did not show any significant differences between 50-Hz MF exposure group and the sham group .CONCLUSION: Taken together , in SD rats, exposure to 50-Hz/100-μT MF for 24 weeks did not show any obvious effects on the cardiovascular system .
作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期
BACKGROUND:Cytochrome P450 ( CYP) epoxygenases metabolize arachidonic acids ( AA) to form epoxyeicosatrienoic acids(EETs), which exert beneficial roles in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases , but little is known about its role on adventitial remo-deling.METHODS:We used C57BL/6J mice in vivo and primary rat adventitial fibroblasts ( AFs) in vitro treated with angiotensin II (Ang II) to investigate the effects of CYP2J2 gene delivery and exogenous EETs administration on adventitial remodeling .RESULTS:CYP/sEH system was found to exist in human adventitia , and involved in adventitial remodeling process .Exogenous EETs administra-tion significantly inhibited Ang II-induced AFs activation , characterized by differentiation , proliferation, migration, and collagen syn-thesis.These protective effects were partially reversed by PPARγantagonist GW9662 pretreatment or SOCS3 siRNA transfection.EETs suppressed Ang II-induced IκBαphosphorylation , subsequent NF-κB nuclear translocation via PPARγdependent signaling pathway in AFs.Additionally, EETs reduced Ang II-induced JAK2, STAT3 phosphorylation and subsequent phosphor-STAT3 nuclear transloca-tion, which were mediated by SOCS3 induction but independent of PPARγactivation.Furthermore, rAAV-CYP2J2 gene delivery re-duced vessel wall thickening , AFs differentiation , proliferation and collagen deposition in aortic adventitia induced by Ang II infusion , which were mediated by NF-κB and SOCS3/JAK/STAT signaling pathways in blood pressure-dependent and -independent manners , re-spectively.CONCLUSION:We concluded that CYP2J2 overexpression attenuated Ang II-induced adventitial remodeling via PPARγ-dependent NF-κB and PPARγ-independent SOCS 3/JAK/STAT inflammatory signaling pathways .
作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期
目的：我们的前期实验发现，腺病毒中介的peroxiredoxin II （ Prx II）过表达可保护心肌细胞防止氧化应激所致的损伤，尽管这样，Prx II在器官和整体动物水平是否具有心肌保护作用，而且这一保护作用是否通过内质网应激发挥作用尚不清楚。方法：应用Langendorff系统构建离体心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型；结扎冠状动脉左前降支，缺血30 min再灌注30 min／3 h／24 h构建体内心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型。结果：离体心肌缺血再灌后，Prx II过表达小鼠心肌收缩大速率（＋dp／dtmax ）和心肌舒张大速率（－dp／dtmax ）恢复较正常对照组明显得到改善；Prx II心肌特异性过表达小鼠与野生型相比，离体和在体心肌缺血再灌后，心肌梗死面积均分别降低了69．13％和60．86％；体内心肌缺血再灌注，与野生型小鼠相比，Prx II心肌特异性过表达小鼠心肌细胞凋亡率降低了52．10％±5．32％；与野生型小鼠相比，Prx II心肌特异性过表达小鼠中内质网通路伴侣分子Hsp90、GRP94、PDI和p－eIF2α的表达量均明显降低（P＜0．05），但cleaved ATF6和XBP－1的表达量在2组小鼠中无明显差异。 p－Akt （Ser473）和p－Akt（Thr308）水平在野生型小鼠明显降低，在Prx II过表达小鼠中仍维持高表达水平（P ＜0．05）。结论：Prx II对缺血再灌注损伤心肌具有保护作用，其机制可能与拮抗p－eIF2α表达、增加p－Akt表达、阻断内质网应激启动的凋亡通路有关。
作者：王慧敏；石晓静；周文娟；耿雪鹏；姬亚歌；肖悦；黄欣；刘宏民；赵文 刊期： 2016年第08期
目的：随着饮食习惯和生活方式改变，非酒精性脂肪肝发病率近十年来明显增高。 FXR在胆汁酸代谢及糖脂代谢中起重要作用， FXR硫氢化修饰后对糖脂代谢影响机制尚不清楚。方法：本研究主要用modified biotin switch assay 检测FXR硫氢化修饰。分别用CSE腺病毒和siRNA过表达和敲低H2 S观察FXR变化。 Real－time PCR和Weastern blot等方法检测FXR及下游信号通路关键分子mRNA和蛋白水平变化。用高脂喂养小鼠给予H2 S供体，观察肝脏形态学变化。结果：内源性和外源性H2 S都可使FXR发生硫氢化修饰，并增强其转录活性，抑制糖脂代谢关键分子SREBP1－C表达，其下游FAS、ACC、PEPCK、G6Pase等脂肪酸从头合成基因和糖异生基因受到抑制，动物实验部分高脂饮食小鼠给予H2 S供体腹腔注射后，肝脏HE染色和油红O染色均表明脂滴变小，脂肪肝减轻。结论：研究提示FXR硫氢化修饰后抑制脂质合成，减轻脂肪肝。
作者：徐文静；范静慧；杜从阔；林宪娟；郑凤娇；蔡君艳；耿彬 刊期： 2016年第08期
目的：葡萄糖转运体4（GLUT4）在球囊损伤血管新生内膜中高表达，而其转位过程依赖于肌动蛋白（actin）细胞骨架的调节。平滑肌蛋白22α（ smooth muscle protein 22α，SM22α）是一种actin细胞骨架相关蛋白，其在增殖性血管疾病中表达下调。本研究观察了SM22α是否参与血管损伤或者PDGF刺激诱导的GLUT4表达和转位活性升高。方法：用PDGF－BB刺激血管平滑肌细胞（ vascular smooth muscle cell ， VSMC），观察GLUT4膜转位和细胞骨架的变化；用荧光葡萄糖2－NBDG检测葡萄糖摄取；用特异性siRNA敲低内源性SM22α表达；BrdU实验检测细胞增殖；高效液相色谱法检测组织葡萄糖含量。结果：PDGF－BB诱导VSMCs GLUT4转位和葡萄糖摄取依赖于皮层F－actin聚合，而敲低SM22α促进这一过程。损伤新生内膜处GLUT4表达显著增加，PDGF－BB刺激促进细胞GLUT4表达和葡萄糖消耗，抑制GLUT4活性则显著降低细胞增殖活性。相对于WT组， SM22α－／－小鼠颈总动脉2－NBDG摄取显著增加，结扎后28 d新生内膜明显增厚，损伤动脉组织GLTU4转位和葡萄糖含量均明显升高。结论：PDGF－BB诱导的GLUT4转位和糖摄取参与VSMCs 增殖。缺失SM22α可诱导皮层细胞骨架聚合，增强PDGF－BB诱导的GLUT4膜转位和糖摄取及代谢活性。 SM22α是一种新的增殖相关糖代谢调节因子。
作者：赵丽丽；陈鹏；谢肖立；窦永青；聂磊；林燕玲；李晓坤；苗穗兵；董丽华；尹亚娟；张丹丹；宋昱；韩梅 刊期： 2016年第08期
目的：血管内皮损伤是糖尿病血管并发症的重要病理基础，早期研究发现Ca2＋稳态失衡参与内皮损伤，但是何种钙通道参与尚不十分明确。高糖可诱导内皮细胞上钙池操控性钙内流增加，同时内质网应激水平升高，因此本研究旨在研究Orai1通道对内质网应激反应的调控在糖尿病血管内皮损伤中的作用。方法：在动物及细胞水平利用Western blot 和real－time PCR检测糖尿病状态下Orai1通道的表达变化及内质网应激反应水平；进一步利用Orai1 shRNA腺病毒抑制该通道表达，在细胞水平观察其对高糖状态下内质网应激反应相关蛋白及内皮细胞磷酸化eNOS、NO生成的影响；在动物水平，利用血管张力测定仪检测Orai1通道对糖尿病小鼠血管内皮依赖性舒张反应的影响。结果：糖尿病状态下，Orai1表达及内质网应激水平均显著升高，抑制Orai1的表达可减少内质网应激标志物ATF4、CHOP、BiP等的表达，同时逆转内皮细胞NO生成水平及内皮依赖性血管舒张功能障碍。结论：Orai1通道参与糖尿病内皮损伤，其机制与调控内质网应激反应有关。
作者：杨慧；邝素娟；饶芳；薛玉梅；单志新；林秋雄；杨敏；吴书林；邓春玉 刊期： 2016年第08期
AIM:Programmed necrosis ( necroptosis ) and apoptosis are crucially involved in multiple severe cardiac pathological conditions , including myocardial infarction, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and heart failure.Whereas apoptotic signaling is well defined, the mechanisms underlying cardiomyocyte necroptosis remain elusive .METHODS AND RESULTS:Here we show that both mRNA and protein levels of receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3) in the hearts are increased by I/R injury and doxorubicin (Dox) treatment. In mice, RIP3 deficiency ameliorates myocardial necroptosis and heart failure induced by I /R (30-min ischemia/4-h or 8-week reper-fusion) or Dox treatment (20 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg ×4, i.p.).RIP3 overexpression induces cardiomyocyte necroptosis evidenced by de-creased intracellular ATP level and increased lactate dehydrogenase concentration in cell culture medium .RIP3 triggers myocardial ne-croptosis via activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), rather than the well-established RIP3 partners, RIP1 and MLKL (mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein).Specifically, our data indicate that I/R and Dox markedly activate myo-cardial CaMKII in wild-type but not RIP3-deficient mice , and that CaMKII inhibition or RIP 3 deficiency protect the heart from I/R-and Dox-induced cardiomyocyte necroptosis , cardiac remodeling and heart failure .Mechanistically , RIP3 activates CaMKII via both di-rect phosphorylation and indirect reactive oxidative species-dependent oxidation , and subsequently triggers opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore ( mPTP) and myocardial necroptosis .CONCLUSION: These findings identify CaMKII as a novel RIP 3 substrate and delineate a RIP3-CaMKII-mPTP myocardial necroptosis pathway , a promising target for the treatment of cardiac ischemic and oxidative damage , and heart failure .
作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期
目的：动物实验表明高盐摄入可降低循环及肾脏中肾胺酶的表达水平。本研究拟探讨钠、钾摄入对成人血清和尿中肾胺酶表达的影响。方法：42名（28～65岁）来自中国北方农村的受试者参与了这项研究。所有受试者依次接受低盐饮食7 d（氯化钠3 g／d），高盐饮食7 d（氯化钠18 g／d），高盐补钾饮食7 d（氯化钠18 g＋氯化钾4．5 g／d）。血清及尿中肾胺酶水平用ELISA试剂盒进行检测。结果：低盐饮食期，血清中肾胺酶水平较基线期显著升高。低盐转向高盐饮食期时，血清肾胺酶水平随之下降，但同时给予补钾后，可阻止高盐所致的肾胺酶水平下降。尿中肾胺酶水平在高盐饮食期显著高于低盐期。高盐补钾期，尿中肾胺酶水平与单纯高盐期相比无显著差异，但显著高于低盐饮食期。24 h尿钠排泄与血清中肾胺酶水平呈负相关，与尿中肾胺酶水平呈正相关。结论：饮食中钠、钾含量的变化可显著影响中国人血清及尿中肾胺酶的表达水平。
作者：吕永波；汪洋；牟建军 刊期： 2016年第08期
目的：研究全反式维甲酸（ all－trans retinoic acid，ATRA）对胃癌细胞SGC－7901存活率与放射敏感性的影响，并讨论其可能的机制。方法：MTT法检测细胞存活率；平板克隆形成实验和流式细胞术分别检测细胞的放射敏感性和细胞周期；实时荧光定量PCR（ RT－qPCR）检测细胞中Bax、Bcl－2、survivin与NF－κB的mRNA表达。结果：ATRA可降低SGC－7901细胞存活率，当浓度到达8μmol／L时，抑制作用达到大；ATRA联合X射线处理后，与单纯放射处理相比，平均致死剂量（D0）和准阈剂量（Dq）显著变小（P＜0．05），且拟合的生存曲线明显下移；ATRA能显著降低放射诱导的细胞G2／M期阻滞，下调SGC－7901细胞Bcl－2与survivin的mRNA表达（ P＜0．05），上调Bax与NF－κB的mRNA表达（P＜0．05）。结论：ATRA能够增加胃癌细胞SGC－7901的凋亡及放射敏感性，可能与抑制细胞周期G2／M期的阻滞作用、下调Bcl－2与survivin mRNA表达和上调NF－κB与Bax mRNA表达有关。
作者：王艳萍；赵先群；张向东；许威；向晓辉 刊期： 2016年第08期
AIM:Atherosclerosis primarily involved systemic arteries .Luminal surface , a monolayer of endothelial cells , of artery directly exposes to blood and is susceptible to active substances in the blood .Exosomes contain significantly amount of proteins and RNAs .Ex-osomes can be good and bad for cells , depending on their component .Thus, exosomes may contribute to atherosclerosis by affecting endothelial cells .This study analyzed the relationship of exosome proteins and atherosclerosis .METHODS: Fifty-six patients and healthy subjects were recruited and divided into two comparisons:healthy subjects vs atherosclerosis ( HS vs AS) , and hypertension vs hypertension plus atherosclerosis ( HT vs HT+AS) .Serum exosomes were decoded by protein mass spectrometry .The protein profile and function were analyzed by gene ontology ( GO) .RESULTS:It was found that five child terms repeatedly appeared in “response to stimulus” and “immune system process” of BP of the two categories ( HS vs AS and AS vs HT+AS):“positive regulation of innate immune response”,“immune response-activating signal transduction”,”activation of innate immune response”,“innate immune re-sponse-activating signal transduction” and “innate immune response activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway ”.Two child terms repeatedly showed in “binding” of MF of the two categories:“antigen binding” and “enzyme binding”.Two proteins, PSMA6 and PSMA7, were repeatedly shown in the two categories .CONCLUSION:GO analysis was utilized for structure hierarchy “tree” to illustrate these proteins involved in various terms in BP , CC and MF.The PPI analysis supplied proteins which may play potentially im-portant roles in AS process .Innate immune system and blood coagulation pathway contribute to AS formation .The proteins, PSMA6, PSMA7 and Annexin A2, may can be the new target proteins for prevention and treatment of AS .
作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期
目的：观察中电导钙激活钾离子通道（intermediate－conductance Ca2＋－activated K ＋channel， KCa3．1）在软脂酸（palmitic acid， PA）诱导的单核细胞跨内皮迁移中的作用及其调控机制。方法：分离2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus， T2DM）患者外周血单核细胞（peripheral blood mononuclear cells ， PBMCs）并培养人单核细胞株（THP－1 cells），以PA刺激，通过Western blotting、RT－PCR、ELISA及细胞迁移实验观察PA对PBMCs及THP－1细胞跨内皮迁移的影响及其与KCa3．1的关系、KCa3．1与MCP－1之间的关系并探讨其信号转导通路。结果：100μmol／L PA上调体重指数（body mass index， BMI）位于20～27．9 kg／m2的T2DM患者PBMCs KCa3．1的表达并促进其跨内皮迁移，对BMI≥28 kg／m2的T2DM患者PBMCs无影响；KCa3．1特异性阻滞剂TRAM－34、NF－κB阻滞剂PDTC（100μmol／L）和Bay11－7082（10μmol／L）抑制PA诱导的BMI位于20～27．9 kg／m2的T2DM患者PBMCs跨内皮迁移；TRAM－34和KCa3．1特异性siRNA显著减少PA（200μmol／L）诱导的THP－1细胞跨内皮迁移及THP－1细胞中MCP－1的分泌和表达，anti－TLR2／4（4 mg／L）、p38MAPK抑制剂SB203580（10μmol／L）及 SB202190（10μmol／L）、PDTC（100μmol／L）和Bay11－7082（10μmol／L）显著减少PA诱导的THP－1细胞中KCa 3．1和MCP－1的表达。结论：PA通过TLR2／4－p38MAPK－NF－κB通路上调KCa3．1促进MCP－1的表达，进而诱导单核细胞的跨内皮迁移。
作者：马晓真；赵丽梅；庞正达；邓秀玲 刊期： 2016年第08期
AIM:To investigate whether KCNE 2 participates in the development of pathological hypertrophy .METHODS:Bidirectional ma-nipulations of KCNE2 expression were performed by adenoviral overexpression of KCNE 2 or knockdown of KCNE2 with RNA interfer-ence in PE-induced neonatal rat ventricular myocytes .Then overexpression of KCNE 2 in mouse model of left ventricular hypertrophy in-duced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) by ultrasound microbubble-mediated gene transfer were used to detect the therapeutic function of KCNE2 in the development of hypertrophy .RESULTS:KCNE2 expression was significantly decreased in PE-induced hy-pertrophic cardiomyocytes and in hypertrophic hearts produced by TAC .Knockdown of KCNE2 in cardiomyocytes reproduced hypertro-phy, whereas overexpression of KCNE2 attenuated PE-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy .Knockdown of KCNE2 increased calcineurin activity and nuclear NFAT protein level , and pretreatment with nifedipine or FK 506 attenuated decreased KCNE 2-induced cardiomyo-cyte hypertrophy .Overexpression of KCNE 2 in heart by ultrasound microbubble-mediated gene transfer suppressed the development of hypertrophy and activation of calcineurin-NFAT and MAPK pathways in TAC mice .CONCLUSION:These findings demonstrate that cardiac KCNE2 expression is decreased and contributes to the development of hypertrophy via activation of calcineurin -NFAT andMAPK pathways .
作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期
目的：探讨钙敏感受体（calcium－sensing receptor，CaSR）在氧化型低密度脂蛋白（oxidized low－density lipoprotein，oxLDL）诱导的大鼠胸主动脉平滑肌细胞（A7r5细胞）增殖及迁移中的作用及信号机制。方法：BrdU掺入法检测细胞增殖；伤口愈合实验及Transwell迁移分析检测细胞迁移情况；Western blot方法检测CaSR、PCNA、ERK MAPK通路及PI3K／AKT通路的蛋白表达。结果：（1）小剂量（10 mg／L）oxLDL 作用A7r5细胞24 h促进细胞的增殖和迁移；（2）oxLDL增加A7r5细胞的CaSR表达；（3）CaSR 拮抗剂NPS2390抑制了oxLDL 的作用，而激动剂GdCl3进一步增强了oxLDL 的作用；（4）oxLDL 可促进p－AKT、p－ERK蛋白表达；（5）PI3K／AKT通路抑制剂LY294002、ERK MAPK通路抑制剂PD98059能够抑制oxLDL 诱导的细胞增殖和迁移效应；（6）NPS2390抑制了oxLDL诱导的p－AKT和p－ERK蛋白表达，而GdCl3作用相反。结论：（1）oxLDL诱导A7r5细胞增殖及迁移效应；（2）CaSR参与oxLDL诱导的A7r5细胞增殖及迁移作用；（3）CaSR 通过活化PI3K／AKT通路及ERK MAPK 信号通路参与oxLDL诱导的A7r5细胞增殖及迁移作用。
作者：李忠；徐长庆；田野；郝丽荣；李宏霞 刊期： 2016年第08期
AIM:We investigated how AT 1-R stimulated by mechanical stresses induces cardiac fibrosis .METHODS:We produced in vivo cardiac pressure overload model in angiotensinogen knockout ( ATG-/-) mice and in vitro mechanically-stretched cell model in cultured neonatal cardiac cells of ATG-/-mice both lack the participation of Ang II .RESULTS: Pressure overload for 4 weeks in ATG-/-mice induced myocardial hypertrophy accompanied by the significant interstitial fibrosis , however , the TGF-β, a key regulatory factor of fibrosis, was not significantly increased in these ATG-/-mice.Meanwhile, the inhibitor for AT1-R significantly inhibited mechani-cal stress-induced cardiac fibrosis in these ATG-/-models whereas inhibition of TGF-βdid not.CONCLUSION:The results showed that mechanical stress-induced fibrotic responses through AT 1-R required the phosphorylation of Smad 2 but not the involvement of TGF-β.
作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期
AIM:To explore whether YAP protein is important in induced pluripotent stem cell ( iPSC)-induced cardiovascular progenitor cell and/or vascular smooth muscle differentiation .METHODS:Using episomal vector based reprogramming , we generated human iPSCs from donor fibroblasts .We used both this iPSCs and human H 1 embryonic stem cells to differentiate into vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through cardiovascular progenitor cells (CVPC).Western blotting, qPCR and immunofluorescence microscopy were used to check the expression of YAP and related genes during this differentiation process .RESULTS:The results showed that iPSCs expressed pluripotent stem cell markers, such as Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, TRA-1-60 and SSEA3, and could form teratoma in SCID mice.YAP was highly expressed in pluripotent stem cells , but dramatically decreased when CVPC differentiation started .YAP gradually increased dur-ing CVPC three-day differentiation.The TAZ and YAP binding partner TEAD1, but not TEAD2 and TEAD4, have similar expression pattern in CVPC differentiation .Immunofluorescence result confirmed that YAP was activated and accumulated in nucleus .Interesting-ly, both YAP and phosphorylated YAP expression decreased to very low level after CVPC differentiated into VSMCs in 7 days.TEAD4 and TAZ also decreased, while TEAD1, TEAD2 and TEAD3 expression did not change during VSMC differentiation .CONCLU-SION:YAP and TEAD1 expression increased during CVPC differentiation , while YAP and TEAD4 expression decreased from CVPC to VSMCs differentiation , which suggested YAP might have different function during diverse cell differentiation .
作者： 刊期： 2016年第08期
目的：观察超声心动图斑点追踪方法能否早期发现和诊断异丙基肾上腺素（isoprenaline，ISO）引起的心脏功能异常。方法：将成年C57雄性小鼠分为对照组、ISO给药后3 d组和ISO给药后7 d组3组（ n＝6）。 ISO组均为一次性给予ISO 5 mg／kg皮下注射，对照组给予生理盐水皮下注射，分别于给药后3d和7d应用传统超声心动图方法以及斑点追踪方法评价小鼠心脏功能。结果：包括径向应变（radial strain，RS）、径向应变率（radial strain rate，RSR）和纵向应变（longitudinal strain，LS）在内的心脏应变分析指标，均在ISO注射后3 d开始显著降低。另外，与心肌梗死的局灶性改变不同，ISO诱导的心肌肥厚在应变分析中表现为全心功能的异常。而相比之下，传统超声心动图仅能在ISO注射后7 d检测出E／E’显著升高，提示心脏舒张功能异常，而反映收缩功能的左室短轴缩短率（ FS），以及反映心脏舒张功能的另外2个指标E／A和E’／A’均无显著差异。此外，心脏应变异常仅发生在ISO诱导的病理性心肌肥厚中，而并不出现在跑步训练诱导的生理性心肌肥厚中。结论：本研究发现基于超声心动图斑点追踪技术的心脏应变分析对心脏功能障碍的早期诊断比传统超声心动图更为敏感，而且可以用于区分病理性与生理性心肌肥厚。
作者：安祥博；张幼怡；宋峣 刊期： 2016年第08期
目的：VEGF－VASH1（vasohibin－1）通路在血管新生过程的精细调节中发挥重要作用，转录因子锌指蛋白667（zinc finger protein 667， ZNF667）具有促进血管新生作用。本研究主要探讨ZNF667对上述通路中VEGF和VASH1表达的调控，以期阐明ZNF667促进血管新生的分子机制。方法：采用LAD建立慢性心肌缺血小鼠模型，采用HE染色和CD31免疫组化分析缺血心肌组织形态学变化及微血管形成。采用Matrigel、划痕和Transwell分析HUVEC管型形成和迁移；采用Western blot、ELISA和定量PCR分别检测ZNF667和VASH1蛋白质和mRNA表达；mRNA测序分析ZNF667过表达HUVEC的mRNA差异表达；染色质免疫沉淀（ chromatin immunoprecipitation ， ChIP）检测ZNF667与VEGF和VASH1启动子区结合情况。结果：免疫组化和HE染色显示与假手术组相比，缺血心肌中组织损伤加重伴随有CD31＋微血管数目增加，同时心肌组织中VEGF和ZNF667蛋白和mRNA表达呈时间依赖性增加，而VASH1表达降低。 mRNA测序、ELISA和定量PCR显示ZNF667过表达可促进HUVEC中VEGF表达而抑制VASH1表达。 VASH1过表达可抑制VEGF和ZNF667的促HUVEC管型形成和迁移作用。 ChIP显示ZNF667与VEGF（－346～－350 bp；－265～－269 bp）和VASH1（－170～－175 bp）基因启动子区结合。结论：HUVEC中ZNF667靶向调节VEGF－VASH1通路促进管型形成和迁移作用，这一调节机制可能参与缺血心肌中微血管新生过程。
作者：陈亦菲；邹江；王念；刘可；张华莉；王慷慨；肖献忠 刊期： 2016年第08期
目的：探讨趋化因子受体7（CCR7）及血管内皮生长因子C（VEGF－C）蛋白在乳腺癌组织中的表达水平，并分析二者与乳腺癌预后的关系。方法：采用免疫组织化学技术，联合检测CCR7和VEGF－C蛋白分别在乳腺癌组织及正常乳腺组织中的表达差异情况，并分析二者与乳腺癌各相关临床病理特征之间的关系。采用Kap－lan－Meier法来评估CCR7及VEGF－C蛋白的异常表达与乳腺癌患者生存期之间的关系。结果： CCR7蛋白在乳腺癌组织（68％）中的阳性表达率高于正常乳腺组织（30％），差异有统计学显著性（P＜0．01）；而VEGF－C蛋白在乳腺癌组织（71％）中的阳性表达率也明显高于正常乳腺组织（24％），差异也有统计学显著性（P＜0．01）。且在乳腺癌组织中，CCR7与VEGF－C蛋白的表达呈正相关关系（r＝0．613，P＜0．01）。 CCR7和VEGF－C蛋白的高表达均与淋巴结转移和TNM分期有关（P＜0．05），而与年龄、肿瘤大小、雌激素受体和孕激素受体均无关。 CCR7及VEGF－C蛋白阳性表达者的生存期低于阴性表达者，两组比较差异有统计学显著性（ P＜0．05）。结论： CCR7与VEGF－C的异常高表达可能与乳腺癌预后关系密切，二者可作为判断乳腺癌预后不良的重要指标之一。
作者：刘清华；于国华；刘雨清 刊期： 2016年第08期
目的：IL－37是白细胞介素－1家族成员，可调节血管生成，抑制肿瘤生长，对I／R损伤、炎症性肠道疾病和类风湿性关节炎等有保护作用。由于炎症反应能导致组织氧供应失衡，使局部组织细胞处在缺氧的微环境，因而，本实验主要针对IL－37是否在缺氧环境中发挥细胞保护作用进行研究。方法：分别给予1％和21％ O2培养上皮细胞。通过瞬时转染使细胞过表达IL－37，24 h后提取RNA和蛋白质。利用RT－PCR检测IL－37、TNF－α、IL－1、IL－6和CXCL2 mRNA的表达；利用Western blot 检测PARP的总蛋白和剪切蛋白的表达量。利用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果：缺氧时，细胞凋亡增加1．63倍，内源性IL－37和促炎因子mRNA水平的表达均显著增加，PARP总蛋白表达增加2．1倍。 IL－37可显著抑制缺氧诱导的细胞凋亡，并显著降低IL－6和CXCL2的mRNA水平，但其对可以修复DNA的PARP总蛋白的表达在缺氧时无明显作用， caspase－3剪切的PARP也无显著差异。结论：在缺氧环境中，IL－37作为固有免疫调节因子，可以通过抑制细胞凋亡，炎性因子IL－6和CXCL2的表达抑制局部的过度炎症反应。但TNF－αmRNA的表达和caspase－3剪切底物PARP的剪切蛋白无显著变化，提示IL－37不是通过减少TNF－α的表达、进而减少FADD和caspase－8的募集、再减少活化caspase－3的途径抑制细胞凋亡的。其具体抑制凋亡的机制有待进一步研究。
作者：周梦晨；姜桂青；李倩倩；王孟茹；廖玉华；凃欣 刊期： 2016年第08期
中国病理生理杂志
主管:中国科学技术协会
主办：中国病理生理学会
