黄育文；陈忠；胡薇薇；张力三；吴炜；应力阳；魏尔清
AIM: To investigate the role of quercetin (Que) in the proliferation of cultured human skin microvascular endothelial cells (MVEC). METHODS: Cell count and [methyl-3H]thymidine ([3H]TdR) uptake assay were used to measure the effect of Que in the proliferation of cultured MVEC. Cytotoxicity of Que on MVEC was also evaluated by 51Cr release assay. RESULTS: When MVEC were treated with Que, the proliferation was significantly inhibited in a time-course and dose-dependent manner. Que 5 μmol/L did not inhibit the proliferation of MVEC. When the concentration of Que increased to 20, 40, 80, and 160 μmol/L, the cell numbers per well were decreased and the inhibition rate was 12.2 %, 23.5 %, 35.3 %, and 54.1% respectively with IC50 of 138 μmol/L. The inhibitory rate of [3H]-TdR uptake was 18.7 %, 34.4 %, 48.9 %, and 62.5 % respectively (ICs0=87.5 μmol/L). 51Cr release assay showed that Que 160 μmol/L incubated with MVEC from 1 to 16 h had no clear cytotoxicity compared with control group. CONCLUSION: Que greatly inhibited the proliferation of cultured human MVEC in vitro. This effect may not be related to the cytotoxicity of Que on MVEC.
作者：范盘生；顾振纶；盛瑞；梁中琴；王晓霞；朱益 刊期： 2003年第12期
AIM: To investigate whether or not histamine is involved in spatial memory deficits induced by dizocilpine (MK 801) as evaluated by 8-arm radial maze of rats. METHODS: 8-Arm (4-arm baited) radial maze was used to measure spatial memory in rats. RESULTS: Bilaterally intrahippocampal (ih) injection of MK-801 (0.3 μg/site) impaired working memory and reference memory in rats. Both histamine (50, 100 ng/site, ih) and intraperitoneal (ip) injection of histidine (100, 200 mg/kg) markedly improved the spatial memory deficits induced by MK-801. On the other hand, the ameliorating effect of histidine (100 mg/kg, ip) was completely antagonized by αfluoromethylhistidine (α-FMH, 5 μg/site, ih), a potent and selective histidine decarboxylase (HDC) inhibitor, and H1-antagonist pyrilamine (1 μg/site, ih), but not by H2-antagonist cimetidine, even at a high dose (2.5 μg/site, ih).CONCLUSION: The hippocampal histamine plays an important role in the ameliorating effect on MK-801-induced spatial memory deficits, and its action is mediated through postsynaptic H1-receptor.
作者：黄育文；陈忠；胡薇薇；张力三；吴炜；应力阳；魏尔清 刊期： 2003年第12期
AIM: To study the blockade of paeoniflorin (Pae) on INa in the acutely isolated hippocampus neurons of mice.METHODS: The whole-cell patch clamp technique was used. RESULTS: Pae inhibited INa in frequency-dependentand concentration-dependent manners, with an IC50 of 271 μmol/L. Pae 0.3 mmol/L shifted the activation potential of the maximal INa from -40 mV to -30 mV, shifted the steady-state activation and inactivation curves toward more positive and negative potentials byl0.8 mV, and 18.2 mV, respectively, and postponed the recovery of INa inactivation state from (4.2+0.7) ms to (9.8± 1.2) ms. CONCLUSION: Pae inhibited INa in mouse hippocampus neurons.
作者：张广钦；郝雪梅；陈世忠；周培爱；程和平；吴才宏 刊期： 2003年第12期
The emergence of nucleic acid-based molecular techniques has significantly enhanced laboratory diagnosis and monitoring of atypical pneumonia. These techniques have not only provided rapid and sensitive detection of fastidious microbial organisms but have also played critical roles in identifying and characterizing emerging patho gens that cause atypical pneumonia. Other benefits that molecular techniques can bring to the field include organ ism differentiation, quantitation, typing, and antibiotic resistance profiles. Gradually becoming standardized and widely available, the future will see some promising molecular methods become a mainstay in clinical laboratories for recognition and diagnosis of atypical pneumonia pathogens.
作者：Tang YW 刊期： 2003年第12期
Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) has now been used clinically since 1991, or twelve years. The acute aims of therapy have mainly been improvement of oxygenation and reduction of lung vasoconstriction. This is true also for the use in ALI (acute lung injury) of various degrees of severity including ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome).
作者：Frostell CG 刊期： 2003年第12期
AIM: To define the effects and signal pathways of ohmefentanyl stereoisomers [(-)-cis-(3R,4S,2'R) OMF (F9202), (+)-cis-(3R, 4S, 2′S) OMF (F9204), and (-)-cis-(3S, 4S, 2′R) OMF (F9203)] on the phosphorylation of cAMP-re sponse element binding protein (CREB) in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. METHODS: The effects of the three OMF stereoisomers and morphine (Mor) on cAMP accumulation and CREB phosphorylation were monitored by radioimmunoassay and Western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS: The three OMF stereoisomers and Mor could all partially inhibit forskolin-stimulated (25 μmol/L, 15 min) cAMP accumulation in a dose-dependent manner and this effect could be reversed by naloxone. F9202, F9204, and Mor could significantly increase CREB phospho rylation from 2.88 to 3.59 folds over control levels after 30-min exposure. This effect was reversed by naloxone,but F9203 failed to increase CREB phosphorylation. KN-62 and staurosporine significantly blocked the opioidsinduced CREB phosphorylation, while H-89 and PD 98059 had no effect on the actions. CONCLUSION: Mor,F9202, and F9204, which could induce psychological dependence affected via the μ-opioid receptor, stimulated intracellular signal pathways involving Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CCDPK) and protein kinase C (PKC) pathways, which in turn initiated CREB phosphorylation. F9203, which could not induce dependence, had no effect on CREB phosphorylation in hippocampal neurons. The increased CREB phosphorylation in hippocampal neurons may play a role in opioids dependence.
作者：高灿；谌立伟；陶亦敏；陈洁；徐学军；池志强 刊期： 2003年第12期
AIM: To determine whether ONO-1078 {pranlukast, 4-oxo-8-[p-(4-phenylbutyloxy)benzoyl-amono]-2-(tetrazol 5-yl)-4H-1-benzopyran hemihydrate}, a potent leukotriene receptor antagonist, possesses a neuroprotective effect on global cerebral ischemia in rats, and to explore its possible mechanism of action. METHODS: Transient global cerebral ischemia was induced by four-vessel occlusion for 10 min and followed by 72-h reperfusion. ONO-1078 (0.03-0.3 mg/kg) and edaravone (MCI-186, 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one, a neuroprotective agent) 10 mg/kg were ip injected 30 min before ischemia and 1 h after reperfusion, and once a day afterward. Neurological outcome was evaluated before ischemia and 24, 48, 72 h after reperfusion. Neuron density, the expressions of N-methyl-D aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit proteins (NR1, NR2A, NA2B) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were measured at 72 h after reperfusion. RESULTS: ONO-1078 (0.1, 0. 3 mg/kg) and edaravone (10 mg/kg) improved ischemia-induced neurological deficiency and reduced neuron death. ONO-1078 (0.1, 0.3 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the enhanced expression of NMDA receptor subunit protein NR2A in the cortex and VCAM-1 in the hippocampus of ischemic rats. CONCLUSION: ONO-1078 possesses a neuroprotective effect on global cerebral ischemia in rats, and its mechanism may be partly related to the inhibition of the upregulation of NR2A and VCAM- 1 in different regions of the brain.
作者：张丽慧；魏尔清 刊期： 2003年第12期
During the past several decades, clinical investigators world-wide have continued to study the causes,pathophysiology, and treatment strategies for acute lung injury (ALI). This syndrome, which is characterized by nonhydrostatic pulmonary edema and hypoxemia associated with a variety of etiologies, is slowly becoming better understood as a result of these efforts.
作者：Roger G SPRAGG 刊期： 2003年第12期
AIM: To determine survival and differentiation of cultured neural stem cells (NSCs) into viable and functional neurons upon transplantation into mice brain of MPTP-induced Parkinson disease (PD). METHODS: Mouse model of PD was established with two subcutaneous (sc) injections of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 40 mg/kg) twice, 16 h apart. NSCs isolated from rat embryo midbrain were cultured in clonal density.After labeled with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), the NSCs were transplanted into the uni- or bi-lateral striatum of PD mouse. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunofluorescence was used to evaluate the toxicity of MPTP on theneural cells in the substantia nigra. Immunohistology and laser confocal microscope were used to detect the survival and differentiation of transplanted NSCs. RESULTS: The cultured NSCs generated neurospheres and differentiated into neuron and astrocyte. It indicated that the cultured NSCs were multipotent and self-renewal in vitro.TH-positive neural cells were significantly reduced in the substantia nigra. Immunohistology showed that the uni- or bi-lateral transplanted NSCs survived in the brain of PD model mouse. Laser confocal microscope indicated that some transplanted NSCs could properly differentiate into targeted TH-positive neural cells in vivo. CONCLUSION:The transplanted multipotent NSCs could survive and differentiate into functional dopamine neurons.
作者：李学坤；郭安臣；左萍萍 刊期： 2003年第12期
COLLECTINS AND INNATE IMMUNITYPulmonary surfactant comprises two hydrophobic proteins SP-B and SP-C, which are important for the adsorption and spreading of the surfactant film at the air-liquid interface[1].
作者：Haagsman HP；Herias V；van Eijk M 刊期： 2003年第12期
AIM: To explore the possible mechanism of β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced apoptosis in rat cortical neurons and the protective effect of ginsenoside Rg1. METHODS: AO-EB staining was used to quantify the apoptotic cells. DNA fragmentation was observed by gel electrophoresis. The levels of cyclin-dependent kinases-4 (CDK4) and phosphorylated pRB were detected by Western blot. RT-PCR was used to examine the expression of E2F1 mRNA. RESULTS: Treatment with A1-40 at the concentration of 20, 40, 80 mg/L for 48 h induced rat cortical neuron apoptosis from 12.5 %+1.5 % (control) to 22.3 %+1.4 %, 38.8 %+1.3 %, 36.7 %+1.4 %, respectively. Pretreat ment with Rg1 at the dose of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 μmol/L for 24 h, then treatment with A~-40 40 mg/L for 24 h, the percentage of apoptotic neurons decreased from 38.8 %+1.3 % to 14.5 %+1.3 %, 13.3 %+1.0 %, 11.6 %+0.29 %, 11.8 %+ 1.0 %, 6.2 %+0.8 %, 5.8 %+0.8 %, respectively. After treatment with Aβ1-40 40 mg/L for 24 h, there were transient increases in CDK4 and phosphorylated pRB protein level, as well as the expression of E2F1 mRNA. However, the above levels decreased markedly after pretreatment with Rg1 8 μmol/L for 24 h. CONCLUSION: Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuated Aβ1-40-induced apoptosis in rat cortical neurons via inhibiting the activity of CDK4, decreasing the phosphorylation of pRB and downregulating the expression of E2F1 mRNA.
作者：陈晓春；陈丽敏；朱元贵；方芳；周宜灿；赵朝晖 刊期： 2003年第12期
AIM: To study the effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on calcium movement in rat ventricular myocytes. METHODS: Intracellular free Ca2+ concentration was measured with calcium fluorescent probe Fluo-3/AM and laser confocal microscope. L-type calcium current (Ica,L) was recorded with the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp techniques. RESULTS: At 2, 20 and 200 μg/L, TNF-α was found to increase intracellular free Ca2+ concentration in a dose-dependent manner illustrated by the increment of calcium fluorescence density with laser confocal microscope. Nicardipine 0.5 μmol/L slightly attenuated TNF-α-induced response. When the cardiac myocytes were exposed to caffeine (100 mmol/L) for 30 min, TNF-α failed to induce any change of intracellular free calcium. However, it was found that TNF-α inhibited Ica,L in whole-cell patch-clamp experiments. At 2, 20, and 200 μg/L, TNF-α decreased peak Ica,L by 3.9 % (-5.1 pA/pF+0.3 pA/pF vs -4.9 pA/pF+0.2 pA/pF, n=9, P＞0.05), 15.7 % (-5.1 pA/pF+0.3 pA/pF vs -4.3 pA/pF+0.3 pA/pF, n=9, P＜0.05) and 19.6 % (-5.1 pA/pF+0.3 pA/ pF vs -4.1 pA/pF+0.4 pA/pF, n=9, P＜0.01), respectively. It shifted the steady-state inactivation curve of Ica,L to the left (V1/2 shifted from -28.7 mV+0.3 mV to -37.8 mV+1.4 mV, n=7, P＜0.05), while it took no effects on steadystate activation and recovery from inactivation. CONCLUSION: TNF-α inhibited Ica,L in rat ventricular myocytes,while increasing the intercellular free Ca2+ level due to the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores.
作者：李小强；招明高；梅其柄；张延凤；曹蔚；王海芳；陈丹；崔毅 刊期： 2003年第12期
AIM: To investigate the ability of an antisense RNA eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1/survivin in downregulating the expression level of survivin mRNA and survivin protein and reversed multidrug resistance (MDR) in adriamycin-resistant HL-60/ADR cell line. METHODS: The expression of survivin mRNA was measured by RTPCR and the expression of survivin protein was measured by Western blot. Caspase-3 activity was determined by Phar Mingen colorimetric assay kit. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. The chemosensitivity of HL-60/ ADR ceils to adriamycin (ADR) was measured by MTT assay. RESULTS: pcDNA3.1/survivin down-regulated the expression level of survivin mRNA and survivin protein obviously, and induced apoptosis of HL-60/ADR cells in a time-dependent manner during 12-48 h. After transient transfection with pcDNA3.1/survivin for 48 h, survivin mRNA decreased by 67 %, survivin protein decreased by 57 %, caspase-3 activity increased 4.37 times, and the apoptosis rate increased by 4.41% compared with control. Compared with ADR alone, pcDNA3.1/survivin significantly reversed MDR in HL-60/ADR cells, the chemosensitivity of HL-60/ADR cells to ADR was increased to 5.36folds. CONCLUSION: pcDNA3.1/survivin down-regulated the expression level of survivin mRNA and survivin protein obviously, the threshold of apoptosis was decreased and MDR was reversed.
作者：王磊；张桂梅；冯作化 刊期： 2003年第12期
Every year, millions of patients worldwide receive ventilator support during surgery. Mechanical ventilation has become an important therapy in the treatment of patients with impaired pulmonary function and particularly in patients suffering from adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ARDS is caused by multiple factors and is characterized by respiratory dysfunction including hypoxemia and decreased lung compliance. It is known that the decrease in lung distensibility is due to a disturbed surfactant system with an elevated surface tension. This increase in surface tension leads to an increase in forces acting at the air-liquid interface, resulting finally in end expiratory collapse, atelectasis, an increase in right-to-left shunt and a decrease in PaO2.
作者：Haitsma JJ；Lachmann RA；Lachmann B 刊期： 2003年第12期
AIM: To compare the pharmacokinetics of the enantiomers of trans-tramadol (trans-T) and its active metabolite, trans-O-demethyltramadol (M1), in male and female rats. METHODS: Following a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg trans-T hydrochloride to rats, (+)-trans-T, (-)-trans-T, (+)-M1, and (-)-M1 in plasma were determined by a high performance capillary electrophoresis method. RESULTS: The females showed higher plasma concentrations of (+)-trans-T, (-)-trans-T, and (+)-M1 than the males. The enantiomers of trans-T were absorbed and eliminated more slowly in the females than in the males. (+)-M1 was eliminated more slowly in the females than in the males. All pharmacokinetic parameters but Tmax of the two enantiomers of trans-T were significantly different in both sex rats. The (+)/(-)-enantiomeric ratios of the pharmacokinetic parameters for trans-T in the males were similar to those in the females. The values of Cmax, AUC0-∞ of the two enantiomers of M1 were significantly different in both sex rats. The (+)/(-)-enantiomeric ratios of Cmax, AUC0-∞ for M1 were lower than 1 in the males, larger than 1 in the females. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic exposure of (+)-trans-T, (-)-trans-T, and (+)-M1 was higher in female rats than in male rats. The stereoselectivity in pharmacokinetics of trans-T was similar, and that of M1 was different in male and female rats.
作者：刘会臣；靳淑敏；王永利 刊期： 2003年第12期
AIM: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of methoxyphenamine compound (MC) on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in rats by measurement of proinflammatory cytokines, total and differential white cell counts (WCC) of bronchroalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). METHODS: Adult rat model of COPD (COPD group) was induced by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharides and exposure to cigarette smoke. Treatment groups received different dosage of MC (3, 9, and 27 mg daily, MC group) or prednisone (0.25 mg daily, P group) respectively. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin lbeta (IL-1 β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) of BALF were determined by ELISA. Total and differential WCC were performed after Giemsa staining. RESULTS: The levels of TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-6, TGF-β, total and differential WCC in BALF of MC groups were significantly decreased than that of COPD group (P＜0.01), and there was no significant difference among MC groups. There was no significant decrease in the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and count of alveolar macrophages in P group compared to those of COPD group. More significant decrease in total WCC and neutro phils was found in P than in COPD group (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION: MC has anti-inflammmatory effect in the rats with COPD.
作者：王悦红；白春学；洪群英；陈杰 刊期： 2003年第12期
AIM: To compare the effects of moxonidine (Mox), clonidine (Clo), agmatine (Agm), and xylazine (Xyl) on action potentials (AP) of the rabbit sinoatrial node (SAN) pacemaker cells and investigate the contribution of α-adrenoceptors to the cardiac electrophysiologic responses induced by the agonists. METHODS: Intracellular microelectrode technique was used to record AP in the rabbit SAN pacemaker cells. Vasoconstrictive responses to norepinephrine (NE), Mox, Clo, Agm and Xyl were observed in the thoracic aorta and ear vein isolated from rabbits. RESULTS: (1) In the rabbit thoracic aorta, a rank order of potency producing vasoconstrictive responses was NE＞Clo＞Mox;and a rank order of potency in ear vein was Clo＞NE＞Xyl=Mox. Agm did not produce any vascular responses in both preparations, and Xyl did not produce vascular responses in the thoracic aorta. (2) Mox, Clo, Xyl, and Agm concentration-dependently decreased the rate of pacemaker firing (RPF), and prolonged APD50 and APD90 in the rabbit SAN pacemaker cells. The rank order of decreasing RPF or prolonging APD was Clo＞Xyl=Mox. (3) Most effects of Clo were partially inhibited by yohimbine, but those of Xyl and all the effects of Agm on the AP in SAN pacemaker cells were not affected by the treatment with yohimbine. (4) In the presence of propranolol 1 μmol/L, phenylephrine did not cause any effects on AP in the rabbit SAN pacemaker cells. CONCLUSION: Like Mox, Clo changes AP of the rabbit SAN pacemaker cells via α2-adrenoceptors partially, but the effects of Xyl and Agm on the AP are almost not related to α2-adrenoceptors. Moreover, there are no obviously functional α1-adrenoceptors in the rabbit SAN pacemaker cells.
作者：赵丁；任雷鸣 刊期： 2003年第12期
Adhesion and migration of mammalian cells are of crucial importance in a number of biological events,such as fertilization, embryogenesis, pattern, tissue and organ formation, and in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including lymphocyte trafficking, leukocyte recruitment, hemostasis, wound healing,tumor angiogenesis and cancer metastasis.
作者：Geng JG 刊期： 2003年第12期
AIM: To study the relationship between genotype of CYP2D6*10B and pharmacokinetics of propafenone enantiomers. METHODS: Genotype of 17 healthy Chinese HAN subjects was determined by an allele specific amplification method. The blood samples (0-15 h) of the subjects were taken after oral administration of a single dose (400 mg) of propafenone hydrochloride. Concentrations of propafenone enantiomers in plasma were mea sured by a reverse-phase HPLC with precolumn derivatization. RESULTS: Seventeen subjects characterized for CYP2D6* 1 0B genotype included (* 1/* 1) (n = 4), (* 1/* 10) (n = 5) and (* 10/* 10) (n = 8). The metabolic ratios (lg MR) of the three genotypes were -2.68+0.23, -2.2+0.7, and -1.1 +0.5, respectively. The AUC of the three groups that of *1/*10 group or *1/*1 group, and the CL of both enantiomers in *10/*10 is only half of that of *1/*10 group or * 1/* 1 group (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION: CYP2D6* 10B alleles induce the declined activity of CYP2D6 and impair the metabolism of propafenone.
作者：陈冰；蔡卫民 刊期： 2003年第12期
AIM: To study the expression of collapsing response mediated protein-4 (CRMP-4) and nestin in the ischemic adult rat brain following transient brain ischemia. METHODS: Brain ischemia was induced by transient left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 60 min in adult rats. The expression of CRMP-4, nestin and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was analyzed by immunohistochemical method. The co-localization of CRMP-4 and nestin or BrdU was analyzed by double staining combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS: CRMP-4, a marker of immature neuron, could be expressed in the ipsilateral striatum and cerebral cortex at 1st and 2nd week after the ischemia-reperfusion; nestin, a marker of neural stem cell, occurred in above regions from several hours to 2 weeks. CRMP-4 costained with nestin and with BrdU incorporation. CONCLUSION: Neural stem cells may present in the striatum and cerebral cortex of adult rat and can be triggered to differentiate into newborn neuron there by ischemic brain trauma.
作者：刘鹏翀；杨增进；邱梅红；张玲妹；孙凤艳 刊期： 2003年第12期
中国药理学报（英文版）杂志
主管:中国科学技术协会
主办：中国药理学会和中科院上海药物研究所
